High temperature Vernier probe utilizing photonic crystal fiber–based Fabry-Perot interferometers

Zhang, Gang; Wu, Xuqiang; Zhang, Wujun; Li, Shili; Shi, Jinhui; Zuo, Cheng; Fang, Shasha; Yu, Benli

doi:10.1364/oe.27.037308

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In terms of applications, the configurations using FPIs were mainly used for temperature [15,16,20,23,25,29,30,32,34,38] and strain sensing. [9,12,18,19,35] Apart from these two applications, others such as magnetic field sensing, [9] gas refractive index, [21,26] and pressure sensing, [17,24] airflow sensing, [22] hydrogen sensing, [14] humidity sensing, [13] volatile organic compounds sensing, [28] and refractive index sensing of liquids [31] were also reported.…”

Section: Fabry-perot Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments

Gomes

Bartelt

Frazão

2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

170

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The optical analog of the Vernier effect applied to fiber interferometers is a recent tool to enhance the sensitivity and resolution of optical fiber sensors. This effect relies on the overlap between the signals of two interferometers with slightly detuned interference frequencies. The Vernier envelope modulation generated at the output spectrum presents magnified sensing capabilities (i.e., magnified wavelength shift) compared to that of the individual sensing interferometers that constitute the system, leading to a new generation of highly sensitive fiber sensing devices. This review analyses the recent advances and developments of the optical Vernier effect from a fiber sensing point-of-view. Initially, the fundamentals of the effect are introduced, followed by an extensive review on the state-of-the-art, presenting all the different configurations and types of fiber sensing interferometers used to introduce the optical Vernier effect. This paper also includes an overview of the complex case of enhanced Vernier effect and the introduction of harmonics to the effect.

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Section: Fabry-perot Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments

Gomes

Bartelt

Frazão

2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

170

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“…Thanks to the inherent advantages of fiber optics, the Vernier effect has been successfully used in temperature 6 – 29 , pressure 30 – 35 , refractive index 36 – 44 , strain 45 – 52 , curvature 53 , 54 , displacement 55 , and humidity 56 FOS. Moreover, mature technologies such as focused ion bean and femtosecond laser micromachining 35 , 48 , photonic crystal fibers 7 , 36 , and fiber tapering 4 , 43 , 46 have been effectively used in the construction of highly-sensitive Vernier devices, thus demonstrating the versatility of Vernier-based sensor schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernier effect using in-line highly coupled multicore fibers

Cuando-Espitia

Fuentes-Fuentes

Velázquez-Benítez

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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We demonstrate optical fiber sensors based on highly coupled multicore fibers operating with the optical Vernier effect. The sensors are constructed using a simple device incorporating single-mode fibers (SMFs) and a segment of a multicore fiber. In particular, we evaluated the performance of a sensor based on a seven-core fiber (SCF) spliced at both ends to conventional SMFs, yielding a versatile arrangement for realizing Vernier-based fiber sensors. The SMF–SCF–SMF device can be fabricated using standard splicing procedures and serve as a “building block” for both, reflection and transmission sensing configurations. As demonstrated with our experimental results, the Vernier arrangements can yield a ten-fold increase in sensitivity for temperature measurements compared to a conventional single SMF–SCF–SMF device, thereby confirming the enhanced sensitivity that can be attained with this optical effect. Furthermore, through theoretical analysis, we obtain the relevant parameters that must be optimized in order to achieve an optimal sensitivity for a specific application. Our findings thus provide the necessary guidelines for constructing Vernier-based sensors with all-fiber devices based on highly coupled multicore optical fibers, which constitutes an ideal framework to develop highly sensitive fiber sensors for different applications.

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“…The highest airflow velocity sensitivity of the sensor reached 1.541 nm/(m/s) in the region of 3∼7 m/s. In addition, many schemes similar to this structure have been reported, most of which combine the air cavity and the silica cavity to produce the Vernier effect [ 10 , 12 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. There are also some reports that employ the air cavity and the other cavity together [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Configurations To Produce the Vernier Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Fiber Sensors Based on the Vernier Effect

Chen

Zhao

Hao

et al. 2022

Sensors

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For decades, optical fiber interferometers have been extensively studied and applied for their inherent advantages. With the rapid development of science and technology, fiber sensors with higher detection sensitivity are needed on many occasions. As an effective way to improve measurement sensitivity, Vernier effect fiber sensors have drawn great attention during the last decade. Similar to the Vernier caliper, the optical Vernier effect uses one interferometer as a fixed part of the Vernier scale and the other as a sliding part of the Vernier scale. This paper first illustrates the principle of the optical Vernier effect, then different configurations used to produce the Vernier effect are classified and discussed. Finally, the outlook for Vernier effect fiber sensors is presented.

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High temperature Vernier probe utilizing photonic crystal fiber–based Fabry-Perot interferometers

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments

Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments

Vernier effect using in-line highly coupled multicore fibers

Advanced Fiber Sensors Based on the Vernier Effect

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