High temperature tribology and wear of selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel

Alvi, Sajid; Saeidi, Kamran; Akhtar, Farid

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203228

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…3b. AM 316L stainless steel has been shown to have a better wear resistance than its conventional counterpart at room temperature under dry sliding conditions and to even maintain this trend at high temperatures up to 400°C [54], as depicted in the coefficient of friction versus sliding distance curves in Fig. 3c, d.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

et al. 2020

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a disruptive manufacturing technology in which complex engineering parts are produced in a layer-by-layer manner, using a high-energy heating source and powder, wire or sheet as feeding material. The current paper aims to review the achievements in AM of steels in its ability to obtain superior properties that cannot be achieved through conventional manufacturing routes, thanks to the unique microstructural evolution in AM. The challenges that AM encounters are also reviewed, and suggestions for overcoming these challenges are provided if applicable. We focus on laser powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition as these two methods are currently the most common AM methods to process steels. The main foci are on austenitic stainless steels and maraging/precipitation-hardened (PH) steels, the two so far most widely used classes of steels in AM, before summarising the state-of-the-art of AM of other classes of steels. Our comprehensive review highlights that a wide range of steels can be processed by AM. The unique microstructural features including hierarchical (sub)grains and fine precipitates induced by AM result in enhancements of strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of AM steels when compared to their conventional counterparts. Achieving an acceptable ductility and fatigue performance remains a challenge in AM steels. AM also acts as an intrinsic heat treatment, triggering ‘in situ’ phase transformations including tempering and other precipitation phenomena in different grades of steels such as PH steels and tool steels. A thorough discussion of the performance of AM steels as a function of these unique microstructural features is presented in this review.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[53] and c, d from Ref. [54], with permission. solidification inherent to AM that limits the formation of MnS inclusions [64,65].…”

Section: Corrosion Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

et al. 2020

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“…The N presence in AM may decrease stacking fault energy of 316L steel and trigger twinning formation. The better creep, fatigue fracture toughness, and wear resistance of stainless steel alloys compared to their conventionally produced counterparts was reported in [217,[233][234][235][236][237][238][239]. In some studies, it was found that a AM-built steel alloys showed a lower fatigue resistance than wrought samples, due to surface roughness and defects; these alloys showed inferior fatigue behavior even after post-heat treatment [240][241][242][243][244].…”

Section: Laser-processed Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing for Metals

Ladani

Sadeghilaridjani

2021

Metals

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Additive manufacturing (AM) as a disruptive technology has received much attention in recent years. In practice, however, much effort is focused on the AM of polymers. It is comparatively more expensive and more challenging to additively manufacture metallic parts due to their high temperature, the cost of producing powders, and capital outlays for metal additive manufacturing equipment. The main technology currently used by numerous companies in the aerospace and biomedical sectors to fabricate metallic parts is powder bed technology, in which either electron or laser beams are used to melt and fuse the powder particles line by line to make a three-dimensional part. Since this technology is new and also sought by manufacturers, many scientific questions have arisen that need to be answered. This manuscript gives an introduction to the technology and common materials and applications. Furthermore, the microstructure and quality of parts made using powder bed technology for several materials that are commonly fabricated using this technology are reviewed and the effects of several process parameters investigated in the literature are examined. New advances in fabricating highly conductive metals such as copper and aluminum are discussed and potential for future improvements is explored.

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“…A large number of research have been done on titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, steel, and other metal materials manufactured by SLM [45][46][47][48][49]. Considering that amorphous alloy is difficult to manufacture and process; it requires a great solidification speed and suppression of crystal nucleation and growth during solidification of the alloys [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on selective laser melting (SLM) of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs): a review

Zhang

Tan

Tian

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are a subject of interest due to their superior specific properties such as low coefficient of friction, high strength, large ductility in bending, high elastic modulus, high microhardness, and high resistance to corrosion, oxidation, wear, and so on. However, BMGs are difficult to apply in industry due to their difficulty in manufacturing and secondary operation. In the past few decades, many efforts have been carried out to overcome the defects in the manufacturing of BMGs. It is difficult to fabricate complex structures with the whole amorphous alloy owing to the limit of crystallization and critical cooling rate. Additive manufacturing (AM), such as selective laser melting (SLM), can obtain relatively high cooling rates during the “layer-by-layer” process, which makes it possible to surpass the dimensional limitation of metallic glass. In the SLM process, the high-speed cooling of molten pool and the avoidance of secondary processing are very beneficial to the production and application of amorphous alloys. In this paper, based on the research of SLM additive manufacturing BMGs in recent years, the factors affecting crystallization and forming ability are discussed from many aspects according to different material systems. The status and challenges of SLM manufacturing BMGs including Fe-based, Zr-based, Al-based, and some composite-based BMGs will be presented. Mechanical properties and physicochemical properties were introduced. This review aims to introduce the latest developments in SLM additive manufacturing BMGs, especially on the development of process parameters, structure formation, simulation calculation, fracture mechanism, and crystallization behavior. With the traditional fabricating methods, BMGs were mainly used as a structure material. It will provide another alternative to use BMGs as a functional material by introducing SLM technology in amorphous preparation with complex geometry. This review summarizes the technical difficulty and application prospects of BMGs preparation by SLM and discusses the challenges and unresolved problems. This review identifies key issues that need to be addressed in this important field in the future. These problems are related to the application of BMGs as high-strength structural materials and new functional materials in the future.

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High temperature tribology and wear of selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

Review of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing for Metals

Research progress on selective laser melting (SLM) of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs): a review

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