High temperature tribological properties of Ti3AlC2 ceramic against SiC under different atmospheres

Wang, Shuai; Ma, Jun; Zhu, Shengyu; Cheng, Jun; Qiao, Zhuhui; Yang, Jun; Liu, Weimin

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.11.043

Cited by 53 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…54 The diffraction pattern of 312 MAX phase is featured by at least 10 peaks, which confirmed successful sintering of Ti 3 AlC 2 . 55 The high crystallinity of the sample was confirmed by high intensity (002) and (104) peaks at 2θ = 9.5°and 39.0°, respectively. However, in these patterns there were also present peaks related to TiC impurities.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Ti–Al–C Based MAX Phases and Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes on Human Fibroblasts and Cervical Cancer Cells

Scheibe

Wychowaniec

Scheibe

et al. 2019

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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MXenes are a novel family of 2D materials, which are extensively investigated for common use in energy storage systems, nanoelectronics, and electromagnetic shielding. Although their unique physicochemical properties render their wide applicability, their cytotoxic response and safety use still remain a concern. From this perspective, it is imperative to perform an in vitro investigation of the influence of different forms of MXenes and their precursors on the human cell lines. Therefore, we prepared a selection of multi-, few-, and single-layered Ti3C2T x , as well as TiC, Ti2AlC, and Ti3AlC2, and as recently indicated in nanomaterials safety field, we fully characterized their morphology and size (electron microscopies, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering), purity (Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction), as well as surface charge (zeta potential). Then, we investigated and compared several biological effects (cytotoxicity, membrane permeability, reactive oxygen stress, and mechanical stress) induced by MXenes, TiC, and parental MAX phases on the human fibroblasts (MSU1.1) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa), as model cells differing by their tumorigenicity. The analyses revealed that exposure to higher concentrations (≥400 μg/mL) of TiC, Ti2AlC, and Ti3AlC2 particles with the sizes <44 μm could be harmful, inducing a significant cytotoxic effect via oxidative and mechanical stress generation. All of the Ti3C2T x forms remained safe to MSU1.1 cells with only slight cytotoxic behavior in the highest concentration regime. The cytotoxic behavior was also cell-type dependent, with higher cytotoxicities observed for cells of cancer origin. Finally, the cell response toward multilayered MXenes in an in vitro system, using scanning electron microscopy was depictured. Our work increases understanding of the safe use of MXene materials and points toward their possible use in fields spanning from energy storage systems to medical devices.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Ti–Al–C Based MAX Phases and Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes on Human Fibroblasts and Cervical Cancer Cells

Scheibe

Wychowaniec

Scheibe

et al. 2019

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…Regardless of the environment in which TiC and Ti 2 AlC powder mixtures were conditioned and cold pressed, the sintering of pellets led to the formation of the Ti 3 AlC 2 . All Ti 3 AlC 2 samples presented similar XRD patterns and shown fourteen 312 MAX phase peaks at 2θ = 9.57° (002), 19.2° (004), 34.05° (101), 36.79° (103), 39.05° (104), 41.86° (105), 44.99° (106), 48.55° (107), 54.34° (108), 56.57° (109), 60.45° (110), 65.64° (1011), 70.57° (2021) and 74.14° (2024) [21]. The position of the peaks was almost identical with non-significant shifts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Oxygen Concentration during MAX Phases (Ti3AlC2) Preparation on the α-Al2O3 Microparticles Content and Specific Surface Area of Multilayered MXenes (Ti3C2Tx)

et al. 2019

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The high specific surface area of multilayered two-dimensional carbides called MXenes, is a critical feature for their use in energy storage systems, especially supercapacitors. Therefore, the possibility of controlling this parameter is highly desired. This work presents the results of the influence of oxygen concentration during Ti3AlC2 ternary carbide—MAX phase preparation on α-Al2O3 particles content, and thus the porosity and specific surface area of the Ti3C2Tx MXenes. In this research, three different Ti3AlC2 samples were prepared, based on TiC-Ti2AlC powder mixtures, which were conditioned and cold pressed in argon, air and oxygen filled glove-boxes. As-prepared pellets were sintered, ground, sieved and etched using hydrofluoric acid. The MAX phase and MXene samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The influence of the oxygen concentration on the MXene structures was confirmed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area determination. It was found that oxygen concentration plays an important role in the formation of α-Al2O3 inclusions between MAX phase layers. The mortar grinding of the MAX phase powder and subsequent MXene fabrication process released the α-Al2O3 impurities, which led to the formation of the porous MXene structures. However, some non-porous α-Al2O3 particles remained inside the MXene structures. Those particles were found ingrown and irremovable, and thus decreased the MXene specific surface area.

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“…Despite the fact that the research on the tribological properties of the TiAl alloy has received substantial interest [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], a systematic study about the effect of the oxidation on the tribological properties of the TiAl alloy is lacking, especially at the elevated temperature. It has been reported that the formation of oxides during wear process in an oxidizing environment is likely to reduce wear of materials by preventing severe direct contact between the tribo-pairs or forming a protective oxide glaze [13][14][15][16][17]. But there has been controversy because some references have noted that the surface oxidation is not always functional in reducing wear, depending on the types, chemistry and structure of oxides [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oxidation and counterface in the high temperature tribological properties of TiAl intermetallics

Cheng

Qiao

et al. 2015

Materials & Design

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High temperature tribological properties of Ti3AlC2 ceramic against SiC under different atmospheres

Cited by 53 publications

References 38 publications

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Ti–Al–C Based MAX Phases and Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes on Human Fibroblasts and Cervical Cancer Cells

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Ti–Al–C Based MAX Phases and Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes on Human Fibroblasts and Cervical Cancer Cells

The Influence of Oxygen Concentration during MAX Phases (Ti3AlC2) Preparation on the α-Al2O3 Microparticles Content and Specific Surface Area of Multilayered MXenes (Ti3C2Tx)

The role of oxidation and counterface in the high temperature tribological properties of TiAl intermetallics

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High temperature tribological properties of Ti3AlC2 ceramic against SiC under different atmospheres

Cited by 53 publications

References 38 publications

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Ti–Al–C Based MAX Phases and Ti3C2Tx MXenes on Human Fibroblasts and Cervical Cancer Cells

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Ti–Al–C Based MAX Phases and Ti3C2Tx MXenes on Human Fibroblasts and Cervical Cancer Cells

The Influence of Oxygen Concentration during MAX Phases (Ti3AlC2) Preparation on the α-Al2O3 Microparticles Content and Specific Surface Area of Multilayered MXenes (Ti3C2Tx)

The role of oxidation and counterface in the high temperature tribological properties of TiAl intermetallics

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Product

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Cytotoxicity Assessment of Ti–Al–C Based MAX Phases and Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes on Human Fibroblasts and Cervical Cancer Cells

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Ti–Al–C Based MAX Phases and Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes on Human Fibroblasts and Cervical Cancer Cells