High-Temperature Thermodynamic Properties of Uranium Dioxide

Ackermann, R.J.; Gilles, Paul W.; Thorn, R. J.

doi:10.1063/1.1743156

Cited by 121 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Similarly, (2-8) (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) where Cp is the constant pressure specific heat in J/g-K. Therefore, equation (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) becomes: oU ho oCo oT -= ---+ Cat P at p at k = thermal conductivity, W /cm-K…”

Section: Ii21 Mass Balance Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of laser pulse vaporization of uranium dioxide by mass spectrometry

Tsai¹,

Olander

1981

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Prof. D. R. Olander Chairman of CommitteeSafety analyses of nuclear reactors require knowledge of the evaporation behavior of U0 2 at temperatures well above the melting point of 3140 K. In this study, rapid transient heating of a small spot on a U0 2 specimen was accomplished by a laser pulse, which generates a surface temperature excursion. This in turn vaporizes the target surface and the gas expands into vacuum.The surface temperature transient was monitored by a fast-response automatic optical pyrometer. The maximum surface temperatures investigated range from -3700 K to -4300 K. A computer program was developed to simulate the laser heating process and calculate the surface temperature evolution. The effect of the uncertainties of the high temperature material properties on the calculation was included in a sensitivity study for U0 2 vaporization. The measured surface temperatures were in satisfactory agreements. No dimer signal of any vapor molecule was measured, indicating the absence of condensation in the highly supersaturated vapor leaving the surface.A shock wave structure is developed by laser pulsing on a U0 2 target in an ambient inert gas. This structure was photographed during the laser pulse. By applying the Mack disk formula, the total vapor pressure corresponding to maximum temperature was obtained. The resulting low vapor pressure and low heat of vaporization deduced from this measurement is attributed to excessively high surface temperature measured due to nonequilibrium radiation from the hot vapor.Additional diagnostics of the phenomenum included collection of the vapor blowoff on disks followed by neutron activation to determine the angular distribution of the vaporization process. The extent of droplet production was also investigated by disk collection. Liquid droplets are observed, but the quantity of U0 2 they contained was insignificant compared to the total mass evaporated.

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Section: Ii21 Mass Balance Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, equation (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) becomes: oU ho oCo oT -= ---+ Cat P at p at k = thermal conductivity, W /cm-K…”

Section: Ii21 Mass Balance Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of laser pulse vaporization of uranium dioxide by mass spectrometry

Tsai¹,

Olander

1981

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“…UO 2 has a vapor pressure of about 1·10 -2 mbar at 2000°C [17,20] , therefore requiring temperatures between 1900 and 2100°C for the VENUS oven. If the oven can sustain these high temperatures for extended periods of time, it is the ideal compound for several reasons.…”

Section: Development Of High Intensity Uranium Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High intensity production of high and medium charge state uranium and other heavy ion beams with VENUS

Leitner

Galloway

Loew

et al. 2008

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The next generation, superconducting ECR ion source VENUS (Versatile ECR ion source for NUclear Science) started operation with 28 GHz microwave heating in 2004.Since then it has produced world record ion beam intensities. For example, 2850 eμA of O 6+ , 200 eµA of U 33+ or U 34+ , and in respect to high charge state ions, 1 eµA of Ar 18+ , 270 eµA of Ar 16+ , 28 eµA of Xe 35+ and 4.9 eµA of U 47+ have been produced. A brief overview of the latest developments leading to these record intensities is given and the production of high intensity uranium beams is discussed in more detail.

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“…A numerical fit to the vapor pressures of Ackerman's lowtemperature data 31 The pressure-versus-temperature curve of Eq. A.I can be found in Fig.…”

Section: Sodium Out or Incompressible Sodiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vapor pressure plotted in the curve is a fit to the hightemperature data of Ackermann. 31 An analytic fit to this figure is dp \ , ) = P T exp [ This formulation appears reasonable for analyzing dry cores (p is fuel density in its available volume and is relatively low if no sodium is present) and for wet core cases if sodium compressibility is ignored.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Venus: A Two-Dimensional Coupled Neutronics-Hydrodynamics Computer Program for Fast-Reactor Power Excursions.

Sha¹,

Hughes²

1970

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High-Temperature Thermodynamic Properties of Uranium Dioxide

Cited by 121 publications

References 10 publications

Kinetics of laser pulse vaporization of uranium dioxide by mass spectrometry

Kinetics of laser pulse vaporization of uranium dioxide by mass spectrometry

High intensity production of high and medium charge state uranium and other heavy ion beams with VENUS

Venus: A Two-Dimensional Coupled Neutronics-Hydrodynamics Computer Program for Fast-Reactor Power Excursions.

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