High temperature superconductive Butler matrix beam former for satellite applications

Peik, S.F.; Jolley, B.; Mansour, Raafat R.

doi:10.1109/mwsym.1999.780250

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Several Butler matrices that use different technologies have been reported in literature [7–14]. The waveguide has been a recommended technology for the design of a BFN because its field shielding nature can avoid radiation loss and interference problems in connection with other circuitry especially with antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayered substrate integrated waveguide 4 × 4 butler matrix

Djerafi¹,

Wu²

2012

Int J RF and Microwave Comp Aid Eng

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In this article, a multilayered substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Butler matrix beam-forming network is proposed, designed, and demonstrated at 24 GHz for automotive radar system applications. The proposed low-cost SIW structure can be used to develop a highly integrated multibeam antenna platform in automotive radar systems and other applications. In this structure, an SIW H-plane coupler is optimized with an H-plane slit to provide the required phase shift. A class of SIW E-plane 3-dB couplers in doubled layer substrate are studied and designed as the fundamental building blocks to avoid crossovers usually required in the construction of a Butler matrix. A 4 Â 4 matrix is investigated and designed, which shows excellent performance over 22-26 GHz frequency band. Two types of antenna are tested with the proposed matrix scheme. First, an antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna (ALTSA) is incorporated into the Butler matrix to verify the broadband performances. Second, a longitudinal slotted waveguide antenna array is examined to generate radiation patterns in the broadside direction. Measured results agree well with simulated counterparts, thus validating the proposed multilayer SIW design concepts. In the next sections, the use as feeding networks for providing the reconfigurability operation of an antenna will be illustrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayered substrate integrated waveguide 4 × 4 butler matrix

Djerafi¹,

Wu²

2012

Int J RF and Microwave Comp Aid Eng

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“…Butler matrices are also a key element for multiport ampli¯ers design, since they possess the graceful degradation property in case of ampli¯ers failure [2]. Given the above properties it is not surprising that Butler matrices are currently receiving a considerable amount of interest [3,4,5,6]. A thorough investigation of the theoretical design by the mode-matching technique of 4x4 Butler matrix has been presented in [7], showing the feasibility of performing a complete CAD of a matrix operating at X-band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cad and Mechanical Realization of Planar, Ka-Band, 8x8 Butler Matrices

Piovano

Accatino

Muoio

et al. 2002

32nd European Microwave Conference, 2002

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Butler matrices of order four (4x4) have been recently investigated concerning their electromagnetic modelling, mechanical/thermal design and actual realization. However, from a practical viewpoint, planar Butler matrices of order eigth (8x8) are the minimal to be considered for e®ective graceful degradation when using multiport ampli¯ers. The transition from 4x4 planar Butler matrices to 8x8 con¯gurations is by no means trivial, due to the large increase in components' number and crossings. Moreover, while at X and Ku-bands mechanical tolerances are a relatively small problem, manufacturing of matrices for applications at higher frequencies such as at Ka-band adds a further di±culty. In this paper we describe a planar 8x8 Butler matrix baseline layout and a possible arrangement for realizing such a high complexity network in a compact manner. A prototype operating at Ka-band has been designed, implemented in reduced height waveguides, and measured, showing very good performances.

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A high-temperature superconducting butler matrix

Corona¹,

Lancaster²

2003

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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This paper presents a novel configuration of a beamforming 16-port Butler matrix centered on a frequency of 2 GHz. The structure is implemented using high-temperature superconductors (HTS).In communication and remote sensing systems, multibeam antenna systems are gradually replacing single-beam systems. Microwave beamformer circuits for these applications require a large number of couplers and phase shifters, which result in a large circuit size. By using microstrip structures on high permittivity substrates, the circuits can be miniaturized. However, the insertion loss of the beamformer increases due to the conductor loss. The use of HTS allows reduction in the size of the circuit while maintaining low insertion loss, due to the low conductor loss compared to conventional conductors.The Butler matrix described here uses a two-layer configuration, which removes any microstrip line crossovers; it can be constructed by traditional photolithographic methods.In this paper, the design of the matrix is discussed, together with the experimental and simulated results.Index Terms-Beam scanning, beamformers, Butler matrix, high-temperature superconductors (HTSs), intelligent antenna systems, space-division-multiplexing access (SDMA), spatial discriminator, superconducting applications.

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High temperature superconductive Butler matrix beam former for satellite applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Multilayered substrate integrated waveguide 4 × 4 butler matrix

Multilayered substrate integrated waveguide 4 × 4 butler matrix

Cad and Mechanical Realization of Planar, Ka-Band, 8x8 Butler Matrices

A high-temperature superconducting butler matrix

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