High-Temperature Strain Sensing Using Sapphire Fibers With Inscribed First-Order Bragg Gratings

Habisreuther, T.; Elsmann, Tino; Graf, A.; Schmidt, Markus A.

doi:10.1109/jphot.2016.2555580

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Single-crystal sapphire fibers are attractive for construction of sensors for various harsh environments owing to sapphire’s high melting point (~2040 °C), chemical stability, and optical transparency [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25]. Distributed temperature sensing based on single-crystal sapphire fiber has been reported via Raman backscattering [12] or multiplexed fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) [13,14,15,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though the Raman backscattering-based sensing offers fully distributed measurements, the low Raman scattering cross-section of sapphire demands use of a high power laser, highly sensitive detection system, and a long exposure time, which raises the cost of the sensing system [12,16]. Nevertheless, FBGs have been demonstrated as effective sensing elements to achieve quasi-distributed sensing with flexible configurations, a fast response time, and low costs [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. FBGs in single-crystal sapphire (SFBGs) have been demonstrated for sensing applications up to 1900 °C [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Sapphire-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Multi-Point Temperature Sensor in Boilers at a Commercial Power Plant

Yang

Homa

Heyl

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Readily available temperature sensing in boilers is necessary to improve efficiencies, minimize downtime, and reduce toxic emissions for a power plant. The current techniques are typically deployed as a single-point measurement and are primarily used for detection and prevention of catastrophic events due to the harsh environment. In this work, a multi-point temperature sensor based on wavelength-multiplexed sapphire fiber Bragg gratings (SFBGs) were fabricated via the point-by-point method with a femtosecond laser. The sensor was packaged and calibrated in the lab, including thermally equilibrating at 1200 °C, followed by a 110-h, 1000 °C stability test. After laboratory testing, the sensor system was deployed in both a commercial coal-fired and a gas-fired boiler for 42 days and 48 days, respectively. The performance of the sensor was consistent during the entire test duration, over the course of which it measured temperatures up to 950 °C (with some excursions over 1000 °C), showing the survivability of the sensor in a field environment. The sensor has a demonstrated measurement range from room temperature to 1200 °C, but the maximum temperature limit is expected to be up to 1900 °C, based on previous work with other sapphire based temperature sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Sapphire-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Multi-Point Temperature Sensor in Boilers at a Commercial Power Plant

Yang

Homa

Heyl

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…In recent years, special FBG types such as type-II fiber grating, regenerated fiber grating (RFBG) and sapphire fiber grating (SFBG) have become hot research topics because of their performance at high temperature (higher than 400 °C) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In 2012, the temperature and strain characterizations of seed and regenerated gratings with and without post-annealing was tested under the temperature of 1100 °C [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies [ 5 , 8 ], theoretical research showed that the wavelength shift of type-II FBGs was mainly determined by the elastic coefficient, thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) and thermo-optical coefficient (TOC). However, the correlation coefficients of silica-based FBGs would no longer be constant at high temperatures, and the known sensing parameters were no longer viable in this situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A IR-Femtosecond Laser Hybrid Sensor to Measure the Thermal Expansion and Thermo-Optical Coefficient of Silica-Based FBG at High Temperatures

Yang

et al. 2018

Sensors

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In this paper, a hybrid sensor was fabricated using a IR-femtosecond laser to measure the thermal expansion and thermo-optical coefficient of silica-based fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The hybrid sensor was composed of an inline fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) cavity and a type-II FBG. Experiment results showed that the type-II FBG had three high reflectivity resonances in the wavelength ranging from 1100 to 1600 nm, showing the peaks in 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 μm, respectively. The thermal expansion and thermo-optical coefficient (1.3 μm, 1.5 μm) of silica-based FBG, under temperatures ranging from 30 to 1100 °C, had been simultaneously calculated by measuring the wavelength of the type-II FBG and FFPI cavity length.

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“…Optical fiber sensors, especially fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), show a unique features likes immunity to electromagnetic (EM) interference, low power fluctuations, small size, highly precision, its ability for multi-sensing along single fiber and so on [3]. Thus, FBGs have become the most important and widespread and are being used increasingly by engineers, as a result of their ability to perform measurements under very tough environment conditions, such as highly mechanical vibrations, temperature and pressure variations, where other conventional sensors cannot be operated [4]. Due to their unique features, fiber optic strain sensors are of great importance for many applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature Variations on Strain Response of Polymer Bragg Grating Optical Fibers

Hisham¹

2017

IJEEE

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This paper presents a numerical analysis for the effect of temperature variations on the strain response of polymer optical fiber (POF) Bragg gratings. Results show that the dependence of the Bragg wavelength (λ B) upon strain and temperature variations for the POF Bragg gratings is lies within the range of 0.462-0.470 fm με-1 °C-1 compare with 0.14-0.15 fm με-1 °C-1 for the SOFs Bragg gratings. Also, results show that the strain response for the POF Bragg gratings changed on average by 1.034 ± 0.02fm με-1°C-1 and on average by 0.36 ± 0.03fm με-1°C-1 for the silica optical fiber (SOF) Bragg gratings. The obtained results are very important for strain sensor applications especially in the environments where the temperature change.

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High-Temperature Strain Sensing Using Sapphire Fibers With Inscribed First-Order Bragg Gratings

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Application of Sapphire-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Multi-Point Temperature Sensor in Boilers at a Commercial Power Plant

Application of Sapphire-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Multi-Point Temperature Sensor in Boilers at a Commercial Power Plant

A IR-Femtosecond Laser Hybrid Sensor to Measure the Thermal Expansion and Thermo-Optical Coefficient of Silica-Based FBG at High Temperatures

Effect of Temperature Variations on Strain Response of Polymer Bragg Grating Optical Fibers

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