High-temperature reduction improves the activity of rutile TiO2 nanowires-supported gold-copper bimetallic nanoparticles for cellobiose to gluconic acid conversion

Cascade Conversion of Cellobiose to Gluconic Acid: The Large Impact of the Small Modification of Electronic Interaction on the Performance of Au/TiO2 Bifunctional Catalysts

“…The majority of the reported bifunctional catalysts applied in this tandem process consist of gold nanoparticles supported on materials containing acid sites, such as sulfonated activated carbon (46 % yield of gluconic acid in 24 h), functionalized carbon nanotubes (80 % yield of gluconic acid in 6 h), polyoxomethalates (96 % yield of gluconic acid in 3 h), amberlyst (44 % yield of gluconic acid in 24 h), or carbon xerogels (between 22–60.8 % yield of gluconic acid in 2–3 h) . More recently, very promising results were presented using Au (72 % yield of gluconic acid), Au/Cu (89 % yield of gluconic acid in 3 h) and Au/Ru bimetallic catalysts (85 % yield of gluconic acid in 9 h) supported on TiO 2 . The authors studied the influence of the annealing conditions on the catalytic performance of Au/TiO 2 and identified the catalyst reduced at 700 °C, as rendering the highest yield of gluconic acid.…”

“…The lowest side of the O 1s spectra shows the abundance of lattice oxygen in stoichiometric TiO 2 (labelled Oa in Table ), the component with the medium BE (labelled Ob) can be assigned to O 2− ions in oxygen deficient areas of the TiO 2 lattice and/or hydroxyl groups, and the species with highest BE (labelled Oc) can be assigned to carbon phase bonds (C−O), or water molecules adsorbed on the surface. During annealing in a reducing environment, the hydrogen atoms chemisorbed on the Au nanoparticles can interact with surface lattice oxygen atoms on the TiO 2 support which are located in the interface region, to form oxygen vacancies . Indeed, the presence of the peak at ca.…”

“…In addition, either weak or strong metal‐support interactions (WMSI or SMSI) were reported to occur, depending on the degree of interaction . In case of the Au/TiO 2 system, the electronic interaction between Au and metal oxide can be influenced by the physicochemical properties of TiO 2 , including its crystalline phase, surface area, primary particle size, morphology and/or surface chemistry . Thus, a study providing insights into how these features of TiO 2 affect the properties of Au/TiO 2 catalysts and the resulting catalytic activity is of great scientific and industrial interest, namely because of the wide application of these catalysts in fine chemical synthesis and photocatalysis, as well as their increasing applications in various environmentally friendly processes.…”

“…The authors studied the influence of the annealing conditions on the catalytic performance of Au/TiO 2 and identified the catalyst reduced at 700 °C, as rendering the highest yield of gluconic acid. The same authors also pointed out that the strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) induced by reductive heat treatment is an important step in order to obtain good catalytic results . The catalytic performance of titania‐supported noble metals is very often associated with the presence of SMSI .…”

Bimetallic M–Cu (M = Ag, Au, Ni) Nanoparticles Supported on γAl2O3-CeO2 Synthesized by a Redox Method Applied in Wet Oxidation of Phenol in Aqueous Solution and Petroleum Refinery Wastewater

“…This can be associated with the SPR of AuCu-supported BNPs. However, the particle size, shape and support interaction have been found to influence the shape and position of the SPR band of metallic and bimetallic NPs [ 43 , 45 ].…”