High-Temperature Properties and Applications of Si-Based Polymer-Derived Ceramics: A Review

Abstract

Ceramics derived from organic polymer precursors, which have exceptional mechanical and chemical properties that are stable up to temperatures slightly below 2000 °C, are referred to as polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs). These molecularly designed amorphous ceramics have the same high mechanical and chemical properties as conventional powder-based ceramics, but they also demonstrate improved oxidation resistance and creep resistance and low pyrolysis temperature. Since the early 1970s, PDCs have attracted widespread attention due to their unique microstructures, and the benefits of polymeric precursors for advanced manufacturing techniques. Depending on various doping elements, molecular configurations, and microstructures, PDCs may also be beneficial for electrochemical applications at elevated temperatures that exceed the applicability of other materials. However, the microstructural evolution, or the conversion, segregation, and decomposition of amorphous nanodomain structures, decreases the reliability of PDC products at temperatures above 1400 °C. This review investigates structure-related properties of PDC products at elevated temperatures close to or higher than 1000 °C, including manufacturing production, and challenges of high-temperature PDCs. Analysis and future outlook of high-temperature structural and electrical applications, such as fibers, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), and sensors, within high-temperature regimes are also discussed.

Thermodynamic stabilization of crystalline silicon carbide polymer‐derived ceramic fibers

“…1 Under appropriate synthesis conditions, PDCs such as silicon oxycarbide (SiOC), silicon oxycarbonitride (SiCN), and silicon carbide (SiC) can be synthesized via controlled pyrolysis of preceramic polymers such as polycarbosiloxanes, polycarbodiamides, and polycarbosilanes (see Figure 1). 2 PDCs are notable due to their high thermal stability, 3 as well as corrosion and creep resistance. They have potential use in mechanical and aerospace technologies 2,4 including manufacturing aircraft turbine engine components [5][6][7] and are proposed as anode materials in lithium ion batteries.…”

Approaches to Preceramic Polymer Fiber Fabrication and On-Demand Applications

“…Materials with stable mechanical and chemical properties up to temperatures slightly below 2000 • C are known as PDCs. They are derived from organic polymer precursors [115]. Over the last decades, high-temperature structural ceramics have gained a reputation as structural materials for their low density, high oxidation and chemical resistance, excellent creep resistance, and thermal shock resistance.…”

“…Ji et al investigated the antioxidation of amorphous SiBCN high-temperature fibers [115]. They reported that the SiBCN-based fibers are corroded at 1400 • C in the air and simulated combustion environments.…”

Vapor Deposition of Silicon-Containing Microstructured Polymer Films onto Silicone Oil Substrates

“…4−6 A uniform polymer film on top of the porous substrate is ideal for the formation of high-quality ceramic membranes. 7−9 The dense polymer film deposition methods to date, typically, employ solvent-based techniques, such a slipcasting, 10 spin-coating, 11,12 and dip-coating, 13 which use potentially environmentally harmful solvents such as toluene, benzene, and tetrahydrofuran.…”

“…In comparison to their polymer counterparts, these membranes have been shown to be stable at high temperatures and pressures and can withstand the corrosive environments that are involved in hydrogen production. Such inorganic membranes are often fabricated by the application of a preceramic silicon-containing polymer film on a mechanically strong porous ceramic substrate and its subsequent pyrolysis. − A uniform polymer film on top of the porous substrate is ideal for the formation of high-quality ceramic membranes. − The dense polymer film deposition methods to date, typically, employ solvent-based techniques, such a slip-casting, spin-coating, , and dip-coating, which use potentially environmentally harmful solvents such as toluene, benzene, and tetrahydrofuran.…”