High temperature oxidation resistance in titanium–niobium alloys

Tegner, Bengt E.; Zhu, Linggang; Siemers, Carsten; Saksl, K.; Ackland, Graeme J.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.04.115

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…22 The use of titanium and its alloys at high temperatures is limited by their poor resistance to high-temperature oxidation. 23 Above 600 C the oxide scale forms at a very fast rate, which on one hand limits the use of these materials in these conditions, and on the other hand enables the formation of a relatively thick protective oxide layer on the surface. The thermal oxidation method utilises this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the tribological properties of oxide layers obtained via thermal oxidation on titanium Grade 2

Aniołek

Kupka

Barylski

2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Thermal oxidation is an effective technique for modifying the surface of titanium and its alloys in order to improve their poor tribological properties. This paper presents the results of tests concerning titanium Grade 2 subjected to thermal oxidation at 600 ℃ and 700 ℃ for 72 h. The morphology of the surface of the formed oxide scale was determined. The surface of a specimen oxidised at 600 ℃ was unevenly covered by very fine oxide particles. Raising the temperature to 700 ℃ made it possible to cover the entire examined surface with an oxide layer. The obtained scale was characterised by the presence of large irregularly shaped agglomerated oxide particles. Tribological tests showed that the presence of an oxide layer on the surface of titanium significantly improved the resistance of the interacting tribological couple to sliding wear. The obtained 3D isometric images of the trace of wear showed that the formed traces differed in terms of width, depth and shape. It was shown that the area of the cross section of the trace of wear decreased as the temperature of thermal oxidation increased. Scanning electron microscopic observations of traces of wear formed following tribological interaction with an Al2O3 ball showed, in a non-oxidised specimen and a specimen oxidised at 600 ℃, the presence of alternating morphologically varied areas formed as a result of corrugation wear. The oxide layer obtained at 700 ℃ has the highest resistance to sliding wear and completely eliminates the adverse corrugation wear phenomenon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the tribological properties of oxide layers obtained via thermal oxidation on titanium Grade 2

Aniołek

Kupka

Barylski

2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…Theoretical studies have been reported on the chemical state of Nb; 20,21) however, it has not been clarified whether Nb can dissolve into TiO 2 or not. Presently, it is likely that Nb dissolves into TiO 2 because of the inhibition of the anataseto-rutile transformation (Fig.…”

Section: Composition Of Ti-nb Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Photocatalytically Active TiO2 Layers on Ti–Nb Alloys by Two-Step Thermal Oxidation

et al. 2019

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A two-step thermal oxidation process was applied to TixNb binary alloys (x = 0, 1, 10, 15, and 30 at%) to prepare anatase-containing TiO 2 layers, and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by measuring the water contact angle and decomposition of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. The condition of the first-step treatment was fixed as heating in Ar1%CO atmosphere at 1073 K for 3.6 ks, and the subsequent second-step treatment was conducted in air at 6731073 K for 10.8 ks. The reaction layer formed after the two-step thermal oxidation consisted of TiO 2 . The anatase fraction of the TiO 2 layers increased with decreasing second-step temperature and increasing Nb content of the TiNb alloys. In addition, Nb and carbon were introduced into the TiO 2 layers. A water contact angle of around 5°was observed on the TiO 2 layers formed at the second-step temperatures of 673973 K. The rate constant of MB decomposition showed a maximum for an anatase fraction of 0.60.8 at which the recombination of exited electrons and holes are suppressed. The TiO 2 layer formed on the Ti10 at%Nb alloy exhibited a higher rate constant of MB decomposition compared with Ti30 at%Nb, in which the TiNb 2 O 7 phase formed. These results indicate that Nb is an effective alloying element for producing a photocatalytically active TiO 2 layer on Ti by the two-step thermal oxidation process. Nevertheless, the presence of an anatase-rich TiO 2 layer and an appropriate Nb content in TiO 2 are required for achieving high photocatalytic activities.

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“…Several alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-811, Ti-6242S, and IMI834 were developed, whose application temperatures are about 300, 400, 520, and 600 C, respectively 1) . Oxidation behaviors of conventional α-Ti alloys have been investigated [4][5][6][7] . For example, in Ti-1100 and IMI 834, it was suggested that controlling the formation rate of oxide scales (mainly rutile TiO 2 ) 4) is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Solution Hardening and Precipitation Hardening of α2-Ti3Al in Ti-Al-Nb Alloys

et al. 2017

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Al-Nb-based alloys were investigated as they are important in the development of new generation high temperature Ti alloys due to good oxidation resistance. The alloy compositions Ti-15Al-2Nb (to obtain α 2 precipitates) and Ti-15Al-2Nb-0.5Si (at%) (to obtain solid-solution hardening by Si) were selected. Heat treatment at 1000 C after forging and rolling at 900 C transformed the β phase to α phase and α martensite during cooling. By heat treatment at 900 C, a single α phase was obtained in both alloys. The α 2 phase was formed by aging treatment at 600 and 700 C of Ti-15Al-2Nb and at 600, 700, and 800 C of Ti-15Al-2Nb-0.5Si. Compressive strength was investigated for samples heat treated at 900 C with a single α phase and those aged at 600, 700, 800 C with α 2 precipitates. The solid solution hardening effect of Si was found at all test temperatures. Precipitation hardening effect by α 2 precipitates was also observed in both alloys and the effect improved with Si addition. Peaks of precipitation hardening were obtained at 300 C in both alloys; the precipitation hardening effect decreased with increase of test temperature above 300 C. It is suggested that a shearing mechanism occurs up to 300 C, which changes to a bypass mechanism above 450 C.

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High temperature oxidation resistance in titanium–niobium alloys

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Characteristics of the tribological properties of oxide layers obtained via thermal oxidation on titanium Grade 2

Characteristics of the tribological properties of oxide layers obtained via thermal oxidation on titanium Grade 2

Formation of Photocatalytically Active TiO<sub>2</sub> Layers on Ti–Nb Alloys by Two-Step Thermal Oxidation

Solid Solution Hardening and Precipitation Hardening of α<sub>2</sub>-Ti<sub>3</sub>Al in Ti-Al-Nb Alloys

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