High temperature melted, radiation cross-linked, vitamin E stabilized oxidation resistant UHMWPE with low wear and high impact strength

Fu, Jun; Doshi, Brinda N.; Oral, Ebru; Muratoglu, Orhun K.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2012.11.017

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This method is easier and takes shorter time to obtain uniform vitamin E concentration throughout the implant compared with the first method [53]. However, the presence of vitamin E during the irradiation process reduces the efficiency of UHMWPE crosslinking, because vitamin E itself can act as a free radical scavenger [52].…”

Section: Methods Of Vitamin E Blendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The further improvement of the wear resistance of vitamin E-stabilised irradiated UHMWPE was achieved by spatially manipulating the vitamin E concentration throughout the implant and limiting cross-linking to the surface [54][55][56]. Furthermore, the vitamin E-stabilised UHMWPE showed improved tensile and impact toughness and a good wear and oxidation resistance by high temperature melting after the introduction of vitamin E into UHMWPE [53].…”

Section: Methods Of Vitamin E Blendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wear Performance of UHMWPE and Reinforced UHMWPE Composites in Arthroplasty Applications: A Review

2015

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Abstract:As the gold standard material for artificial joints, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) generates wear debris when the material is used in arthroplasty applications. Due to the adverse reactions of UHMWPE wear debris with surrounding tissues, the life time of UHMWPE joints is often limited to 15-20 years. To improve the wear resistance and performance of the material, various attempts have been made in the past decades. This paper reviews existing improvements made to enhance its mechanical properties and wear resistance. They include using gamma irradiation to promote the cross-linked structure and to improve the wear resistance, blending vitamin E to protect the UHMWPE, filler incorporation to improve the mechanical and wear performance, and surface texturing to improve the lubrication condition and to reduce wear. Limitations of existing work and future studies are also identified.

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Section: Methods Of Vitamin E Blendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Vitamin E Blendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Performance of UHMWPE and Reinforced UHMWPE Composites in Arthroplasty Applications: A Review

2015

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“…No postirradiation thermal treatments are necessary in the presence of vitamin E; the crystal structures and thus the tensile strength and impact toughness are improved in comparison to the first-generation highly crosslinked and remelted UHMWPEs [38], which may be beneficial for joint implants. Moreover, vitamin E in trace amounts [22] has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing lipid-related oxidation according to laboratory studies [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polyphenols Enhance Stability of Crosslinked UHMWPE for Joint Implants

Shen

Gao

Liu

2015

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Radiation-crosslinked UHMWPE has been used for joint implants since the 1990s. Postirradiation remelting enhances oxidative stability, but with some loss in strength and toughness. Vitamin E-stabilized crosslinked UHMWPE has shown improved strength and stability as compared with irradiated and remelted UHMWPE. With more active phenolic hydroxyl groups, natural polyphenols are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as potent stabilizers and could be useful for oxidative stability in crosslinked UHMWPE. Questions/purposes We asked whether UHMWPE blended with polyphenols would (1) show higher oxidation resistance after radiation crosslinking; (2) preserve the mechanical properties of UHMWPE after accelerated aging; and (3) alter the wear resistance of radiation-crosslinked UHMWPE. Methods The polyphenols, gallic acid and dodecyl gallate, were blended with medical-grade UHMWPE followed by consolidation and electron beam irradiation at 100 kGy. Radiation-crosslinked virgin and vitamin E-blended UHMWPEs were used as reference materials. The UHMWPEs were aged at 120°C in air with oxidation levels analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Tensile (n = 5 per group) and impact (n = 3 per group) properties before and after aging as per ASTM F2003 were evaluated. The wear rates were examined by pin-on-disc testing (n = 3 per group). The data were reported as mean ± SDs. Statistical analysis was performed by using Student's t-test for a two-tailed distribution with unequal variance for tensile and impact data obtained with n C 3. A significant difference is defined with p \ 0.05. Results The oxidation induction time of 100 kGy UHMWPE was prolonged to 144 hours with 0.05 wt% dodecyl gallate and 192 hours with 0.05 wt% gallic acid compared with 48 hours for 0.05 wt% vitamin E-blended UHMWPE. Accelerated aging of these polyphenol-blended UHMWPEs resulted in ultimate tensile strength of 50.4 ± 1.4 MPa and impact strength of 53 ± 5 kJ/m 2 for 100 kGy-irradiated UHMWPE with 0.05 wt% dodecyl gallate, for example, in comparison to 51.2 ± 0.7 MPa (p = 0.75) and 58 ± 5 kJ/m 2 (p = 0.29) before aging. The pin-on-disc wear rates of 100 kGy-irradiated UHMWPE with 0.05 wt% dodecyl gallate and 0.05 wt% gallic acid were 2.29 ± 0.31 and 1.65 ± 0.32 mg/million cycles, comparable to 1.68 ± 0.25 and 2.05 ± 0.22 mg/million cycles for 100 kGy-irradiated virgin and 0.05 wt% vitamin E-blended UHMWPE. Conclusions Based on the sample numbers tested in this study, polyphenols appear to effectively enhance the oxidation stability without altering the mechanical properties or pin-on-disc wear rate of radiation-crosslinked UHMWPE. Clinical Relevance Crosslinked UHMWPE with natural polyphenols with improved oxidative stability and low wear may find clinical application in joint implants.

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“…7,8 It also accelerates the generation of particulate wear in joint components. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Vitamin E can either be blended into the UHMWPE resin prior to molding 29 or diffused into the implant after radiation. This initial increase in crosslinking indicated that it increases resistance of UHMWPE to wear and leads to the development of highly crosslinked UHMWPEs (HXLPEs), which were subjected to higher radiation doses of gamma or electron beam radiation (50-100 kGy dose range), not as a final sterilization step of the packaged implant but as a processing step for molded sheets and rods of UHMWPE, prior to the fabrication of the implant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation resistance and abrasive wear resistance of vitamin E stabilized radiation crosslinked ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene

Bellare

D’Angelo

Ngo

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of gamma radiation on the oxidation and wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been extensively studied since these properties are critical for the longevity of UHMWPE components of total joint replacement prostheses. While gamma radiation increases wear resistance of UHMWPE, the free radical generated in the lamellar regions by radiation must be stabilized before oxidative degradation occurs as the polymer ages. Initially, post-radiation melting conducted to quench free radicals but this treatment also decreases its mechanical properties. Recently, it has been replaced by incorporation of Vitamin E into UHMWPE to combat oxidative degradation. In this study, we assessed wear resistance of Vitamin E stabilized UHMWPE under abrasive wear conditions and oxidation resistance by shelf-aging irradiated components for 2 years. Equilibrium swelling experiments showed that Vitamin E decreased crosslink density, which affected wear resistance, but oxidation resistance was better preserved with increasing concentration of Vitamin E.

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High temperature melted, radiation cross-linked, vitamin E stabilized oxidation resistant UHMWPE with low wear and high impact strength

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

Wear Performance of UHMWPE and Reinforced UHMWPE Composites in Arthroplasty Applications: A Review

Wear Performance of UHMWPE and Reinforced UHMWPE Composites in Arthroplasty Applications: A Review

Natural Polyphenols Enhance Stability of Crosslinked UHMWPE for Joint Implants

Oxidation resistance and abrasive wear resistance of vitamin E stabilized radiation crosslinked ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene

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