High-Temperature Hay Biochar Application into Soil Increases N2O Fluxes

Escuer-Gatius, Jordi; Shanskiy, Merrit; Soosaar, Kaido; Astover, Alar; Raave, H.

doi:10.3390/agronomy10010109

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Two holes were made in each chamber, one for a gas collection pipe and the other for a temperature sensor. Gas samples were taken over a one-hour period, at regular intervals of 20 min (i.e., at 0, 20, 40, and 60 min), using 12 mL pre-evacuated (0.3 mbar) bottles [22]. The CO 2 , N 2 O, and CH 4 concentrations of samples were determined using a GC-2014 gas chromatography system (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan equipped with ECD, TCD, and FID sensors as described by Loftfield et al [23].…”

Section: Gas Emissions Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Crop Residue Decomposition on Soil Aggregate Stability

et al. 2020

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The decomposition of fresh crop residues added to soil for agricultural purposes is complex. This is due to different factors that influence the decomposition process. In field conditions, the incorporation of crop residues into soil does not always have a positive effect on aggregate stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the decomposition effects of residues from two different cover crops (Brassica napus var. oleifera and Secale cereale) and one main crop (wheat straw) on soil aggregate stability. A 105-day incubation experiment was conducted in which crop residues were mixed with sandy loam soil at a rate of 6 g C kg−1 of soil. During the incubation, there were five water additions. The decomposition effects of organic matter on soil conditions during incubation were evaluated by determining the soil functional groups; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions; soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC); and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The functional groups of the plant residues and the soil were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a double exponential model was used to estimate the decomposition rates. The results show that the decomposition rate of fresh organic materials was correlated with the soil functional groups and the C/N ratio. Oilseed rape and rye, with lower C/N ratios than wheat straw residues, had faster decomposition rates and higher CO2 and N2O emissions than wheat straw. The CO2 and N2O flush at the start of the experiment corresponded to a decrease of soil aggregate stability (from Day 3 to Day 10 for CO2 and from Day 19 to Day 28 for N2O emissions), which was linked to higher decomposition rates of the labile fraction. The lower decomposition rates contributed to higher remaining C (carbon) and higher soil aggregate stability. The results also show that changes in the soil functional groups due to crop residue incorporation did not significantly influence aggregate stability. Soil moisture (SM) negatively influenced the aggregate stability and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in all treatments (oilseed rape, rye, wheat straw, and control). Irrespective of the water addition procedure, rye and wheat straw residues had a positive effect on water-stable aggregates more frequently than oilseed rape during the incubation period. The results presented here may contribute to a better understanding of decomposition processes after the incorporation of fresh crop residues from cover crops. A future field study investigating the influence of incorporation rates of different crop residues on soil aggregate stability would be of great interest.

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Section: Gas Emissions Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Crop Residue Decomposition on Soil Aggregate Stability

et al. 2020

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“…Other studies have concluded that the application of biochar increased N 2 O emissions, which might be due to the different types of biochar used in the experiment, pyrolysis temperature of biochar preparation, and the amount of biochar [51]. For example, Escuer-Gatius et al [52] found that the hay biochar pyrolyzed at 850 • C would stimulate soil N 2 O emission. Bai et al [40] showed that straw return could promote the conversion of N into N 2 O and increased N 2 O emissions, because the C in the straw stimulated the growth of microorganisms related to N 2 O production, accelerating the nitrification rate.…”

Section: Effects Of Environmental Factors On N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Biochar and Straw Return on N2O Emissions and Crop Yield: A Three-Year Field Experiment

Gao,

Peng,

Liu

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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To evaluate the effects of application of biochar and straw return for consecutive years on N2O emissions and crop yields in North China, a three-year field experiment of applying biochar and straw following a ten-year application was conducted in a wheat–maize rotation system. Four treatments were set up, including F (NPK fertilizer only); FB (NPK fertilizer + 9.0 t·ha−1 biochar); FS (NPK fertilizer + straw); and FSB ((NPK fertilizer + 9.0 t·ha−1 biochar combined with straw). The results showed that compared with the F treatment, the FB treatment significantly reduced soil N2O emissions by 20.2%, while the FS and FSB treatments increased it by 23.7% and 41.4%, respectively. The FB treatment reduced soil N2O emissions by 15.1% in the wheat season and 23.2% in the maize season, respectively. The FS and FSB treatments increased the N2O emissions by 20.7% and 36.7% in the wheat season, respectively, and by 25.5% and 44.2% in the maize season, respectively. In the wheat season, the soil water content (SWC), NO3−-N content and pH were the main influencing factors of the soil N2O emissions. In the maize season, SWC and NO3−-N content were the main influencing factors. In addition, the FB, FS and FSB treatments increased the crop yield by 4.99%, 8.40% and 10.25% compared with the F treatment, respectively. In conclusion, consecutive application of biochar can significantly reduce N2O emissions and improve crop yield. Although FS and FSB treatments can also improve the crop yield, they are not beneficial to suppressing N2O emissions. Therefore, the successive application of biochar is an effective measure to reduce N2O emissions and maintain crop yield.

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“…Due to the high concentration of stabile carbon (C) compounds, the biochar decomposes very slowly in the soil that enables the long-term removal of C from the nutrient cycles, thereby being beneficial for climate change mitigation (Sohi, 2012). Also it has been found that biochar inhibits the release of greenhouse gases from the soil, but it has not been confirmed by all studies (Cayuela et al, 2014;Feng, Zhu, 2017;Buchkina et al, 2019;Escuer-Gatius et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permanent grassland hay-derived biochar increases plant N, P and K uptake on an acidic soil

Raave

Escuer-Gatius

Kauer

et al. 2020

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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The importance of permanent grasslands in the feed production has decreased in Estonia in the last decades, because of the low feeding value of the biomass. Therefore, there is a need for new solutions for utilization of this biomass. One way of giving value to this resource would be its application in the production of biochar (BC) and its subsequent use for increasing the carbon (C) and nutrient concentration of previously low-fertility soils. This study examined (i) the properties of biochar produced from permanent grassland hay at three (300°C, 550°C and 850°C) pyrolysis temperatures and (ii) the impact of biochar on the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg and the biomass yield of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) on a strongly acidic (pH 4.2) soil. It was found that the permanent grassland hay dominated by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is a suitable raw material for biochar production. This biochar is a potassium (K) rich fast-acting liming agent, which also contains a remarkable amount of N. The addition of this biochar into acidic soil reduces soil acidity and significantly increases plant uptake of N, P and K, which has a short term positive impact on biomass yield. The increase of pyrolysis temperature changes biochar properties like neutralization capacity, acidity (pH), nutrient concentration and the release of nutrients from biochar, but these changes do not have a significant impact on the effect the biochar has on plant nutrition and yield. The only exception was phosphorus (P) uptake, which was the highest when the biochar was produced at 550°C temperature.

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High-Temperature Hay Biochar Application into Soil Increases N2O Fluxes

Cited by 6 publications

References 74 publications

Effect of Crop Residue Decomposition on Soil Aggregate Stability

Effect of Crop Residue Decomposition on Soil Aggregate Stability

The Effect of Biochar and Straw Return on N2O Emissions and Crop Yield: A Three-Year Field Experiment

Permanent grassland hay-derived biochar increases plant N, P and K uptake on an acidic soil

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