High temperature enhances ethylene promotion of anther filament growth in Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera)

Abstract

A study was made of the effect of high temperature on the growth response of Brussels sprout filaments to ethylene . Filaments with or without the anthers attached were incubated continuously at 25 °C or 35 °C for 7 days or for 2 days at 35'C followed by 5 days at 25'C . Growth was reduced during both 35'C treatments compared to that of filaments at continuous 25 °C . Ethylene had little effect on filament growth at continuous 25 °C, whereas with treatment for either 2 or 7 days at 35 °C ethylene promoted filament growth considerably . Thus ethylene effectively overcame the growth inhibition induced by the 35'C treatment .High temperature treatments reduced ethylene production from filaments alone, and from filaments with anthers attached . The ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and the ethylene action inhibitor AgNO 3 enhanced filament growth at 25 °C but had little or no effect at 35 °C . The relevance of temperature to ethylene sensitivity is discussed in relation to filament growth and to other plant processes in general . 1 . IntroductionEthylene synthesis by plants is very sensitive to changes in temperature [7] and at high temperatures may be greatly reduced [4,6,16] . It has recently been shown with tomato fruit that high temperature may also reduce its effectiveness, making the ripening response less sensitive to ethylene as well as inhibiting its biosynthesis [15] . Because ethylene is implicated in the control of many plant processes [1] it is important to know if high temperature influences ethylene effects in other areas of growth and development . In the present experiments filament growth, which may be affected both positively [10] or negatively [8] by ethylene, was used to test the effects of high temperature on growth responses to ethylene . Brussels sprout filaments were chosen because of the possible relevance of the results to Brassica oleracea anther culture, a process which requires a period of high temperature for success and which appears to be inhibited by endogenous ethylene [3,4,5,13] . In the event, high temperature (35°C) led to a promotion of filament growth by ethylene, a result that would seem to have implications not only for understanding the control of filament growth, but also for ethylene physiology in general . . Materials and methodsThe methods and conditions for raising Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea var . gemmifera, cv . Hal) donor plants were similar to those described previously for anther culture [5] . Following vernalisation plants were allowed to flower in a growth room under 40W white flourescent tubes (28 W m_ 2 ) set to give 16h days with day and night temperature both at approximately 13 °C .

Systematic identification and analysis of heat‐stress‐responsive lncRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs with associated co‐expression and ceRNA networks in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

“…Ethylene synthesis by plants is very sensitive to changes in temperature (Field ) and at high temperatures may be greatly reduced (Yu et al , Biddington and Robinson 1990). Research has shown that high‐temperature treatments reduce ethylene production from filaments alone and from filaments with anthers attached (Biddington and Robinson ). The ethylene precursor ACC inhibited filament growth in Fuchsia hybrida at 32°C (Jones and Koning ) and of Ipomoea nil at 30°C (Koning and Raab ).…”

Ethylene can stimulate Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation in the light

“…Furthermore, it can induce growth of petals and styles in immature carnation flowers (27) and of anther filaments in Brussels sprouts (28). To date, it is not clear whether these various elongation effects are resulting from similar mechanisms or signaling pathways.…”

Characterization of the DREBA4-Type Transcription Factor (SlDREBA4), Which Contributes to Heat Tolerance in Tomatoes

“…Physiological systems in plants respond appropriately to avoid heat injury. Under heat-stress conditions, the levels of osmotic substances, including proline (Xu and Huang, 2018), soluble sugar and starch (Wang et al, 2018) increased, as did the contents of SA and ETH (Biddington and Robinson, 1993), JA (Xu and Huang, 2018) and other stress-related hormones. The antioxidant enzyme activities, including POD, SOD and CAT increased (Wang et al, 2018).…”