High temperature energy storage performances of methane reforming with carbon dioxide in a tubular packed reactor

Modelling of solar thermochemical reaction systems

“…Thus, one energy conservation equation (15) is solved for each phase. The use of local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) appears widely in the literature when using homogenisation Belghit, 2011a, 2011b;Groehn et al, 2016;Kenarsari and Zheng, 2014;Villafán-Vidales et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014a;Wang et al, 2014b;Zedtwitz et al, 2007;Zedtwitz and Steinfeld, 2005) or when the phases are resolved individually (Abanades et al, 2007;Oles and Jackson, 2015), though there are examples of high solid fraction studies in fixed beds where the single temperature-or local thermal equilibrium (LTE)-assumption is made (Lapp et al, 2013;Lapp and Lipiń ski, 2014;Lu et al, 2016;Martinek et al, 2014). The approximation of LTE is valid when any local temperature differences between a fluid and a solid are much smaller than the temperature differences that appear in the whole system.…”

“…The temperature dependence of reaction rates is generally handled by assuming an Arrhenius-type law (see Section 3.2): Lipiń ski, 2012, 2011;Haussener et al, 2009;Lipiń ski and Steinfeld, 2004;Müller et al, 2008;Oles and Jackson, 2015;Schunk et al, 2009b;2009a;Villafán-Vidales et al, 2015;Yue and Lipiń ski, 2015a,b,c;Zedtwitz et al, 2007;Zedtwitz and Steinfeld, 2005). Fluid density, specific heat and thermal conductivity can all also be strong functions of temperature, particularly for gasses; inclusion of these effects can be found, for example, in (Kenarsari and Zheng, 2014;Lu et al, 2016;Müller et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2014b).…”

“…Dense fluidised reactor Stationary reactor Material study CeO 2 (Oles and Jackson, 2015) (Groehn et al, 2016) (Bader et al, 2015;Bala Chandran et al, 2015b) (Bala Chandran et al, 2015aKeene et al, 2013Keene et al, , 2014Lapp et al, 2013;Lapp and Lipiń ski, 2014) t (Wheeler et al, 2014) (Suter et al, 2014) (Dombrovsky et al, 2012;Ganesan et al, 2013a,b) * , , (Ackermann et al, 2014(Ackermann et al, , 2017 ZnO/Zn Geometry only (Akolkar and Petrasch, 2012;Jörg Petrasch, Meier, et al, 2008;Petrasch et al, 2007) Other (Lu et al, 2016) …”

“…(6) to account for momentum losses in the porous material as seen in (Bader et al, 2015;Bala Chandran et al, 2015a;Bala Chandran et al, 2015b;Lu et al, 2016;Villafán-Vidales et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014a,b). The use of the Darcy term in Eq.…”

“…It is the driving force of the heat transfer in the system which in turn drives the chemistry; understanding its influence on reactor design is critical. Modelling efforts have ranged from simple StephanBoltzmann law boundary conditions to the energy equation (Lu et al, 2016) or a simplified volumetric treatment based on this law (Kenarsari and Zheng, 2014;Saade et al, 2012) to fully three-dimensional, spectrally resolved studies of participating media with gas radiation effects (Zedtwitz et al, 2007).…”