High-temperature electrolysis for large-scale hydrogen production from nuclear energy – Experimental investigations

Stoots, C. M.; O’Brien, James E.; Condie, K. G.; Hartvigsen, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.10.045

Cited by 144 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) as an electrochemical device to convert electricity of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind power, hydropower and geothermal power into chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen and syngas has attracted increasing interests due to the depleting fossil fuel sources, high oil prices and environmental considerations. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In the case of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, steam is introduced to the hydrogen electrode side where it is reduced to hydrogen, while the oxygen ions are migrated through the electrolyte to the air electrode side where they combine to form pure oxygen. Co-electrolysis of steam and CO 2 in an SOEC yields synthesis gas (CO+H 2 ) which in turn can be catalysed to various types of synthetic fuels (such as methane and methanol).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Pan

Chen

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Ni-Y 2 O 3 stabilized ZrO 2 (Ni-YSZ) cermet is the most commonly used hydrogen electrode for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) under solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode and water reduction reaction (WRR) under solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) mode. Here we studied the electrocatalytic activity of Ni-YSZ electrodes as a function of Ni content, water concentration and dc bias for WRR and HOR under SOEC and SOFC modes, respectively. The activity of Ni-YSZ cermet increases significantly with the increase of YSZ content due to the enhanced three phase boundaries (TPB). The electrode activity for the WRR and in less degree for the HOR increases with the increase of steam concentration. The electrode polarization resistance, R E , for the WRR increases with the dc bias, while in the case of HOR, R E decreases with the dc bias, demonstrating that kinetically the WRR and HOR is not reversible on the Ni-YSZ cermet electrodes under SOFC and SOEC operation modes. The WRR can be described by two electrode processes associated with the H 2 O adsorption and diffusion on the oxygen-covered Ni or YSZ surface in the vicinities of TPB, followed by the charge transfer. The significant increase of high frequency electrode polarization resistance, R H and in much less extent low frequency electrode polarization resistance, R L with the dc bias indicates that the water electrolysis reaction is kinetically controlled by the reactant supply (e.g., the adsorbed H 2 O species) limited charge transfer process. Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) as an electrochemical device to convert electricity of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind power, hydropower and geothermal power into chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen and syngas has attracted increasing interests due to the depleting fossil fuel sources, high oil prices and environmental considerations. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In the case of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, steam is introduced to the hydrogen electrode side where it is reduced to hydrogen, while the oxygen ions are migrated through the electrolyte to the air electrode side where they combine to form pure oxygen. Co-electrolysis of steam and CO 2 in an SOEC yields synthesis gas (CO+H 2 ) which in turn can be catalysed to various types of synthetic fuels (such as methane and methanol). [8][9][10][11] SOECs are reversible operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and therefore in principle the electrode and electrolyte materials developed for SOFCs can be utilized for SOECs.Similar to SOFCs, Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) cermets are the most common hydrogen electrodes for SOECs, due to its high electrical conductivity, high electrocatalytic activity, high thermal and structural stability and low price.1,12-14 The incorporation of electrocatalytically active nanoparticles such as doped ceria oxides and Rh metal in the Ni-YSZ hydrogen electrodes enhances the ionic conductivity and three phase boundaries (TPBs), and thus substantially enhances the electrocatalytic activity and/or stability fo...

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confidence: 99%

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Pan

Chen

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…8,9 In addition to energy generation systems, ceramic membranes have the potential to be increasingly prominent in advanced manufacturing processes including electrochemical reduction cells for metals processing 10,11 and spent nuclear fuel re-processing 12 as well as high temperature electrolysis cells for hydrogen production 13 and state of the art combustion control sensors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of 3D interconnected microstructural network in mixed ionic and electronic conducting ceramic composites

et al. 2014

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The microstructure and connectivity of the ionic and electronic conductive phases in composite ceramic membranes are directly related to device performance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) including chemical mapping combined with X-ray nanotomography (XNT) have been used to characterize the composition and 3-D microstructure of a MIEC composite model system consisting of a Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 2 (GDC) oxygen ion conductive phase and a CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO) electronic conductive phase. The microstructural data is discussed, including the composition and distribution of an emergent phase which takes the form of isolated and distinct regions. Performance implications are considered with regards to the design of new material systems which evolve under non-equilibrium operating conditions.

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“…A feasible combined system efficiency of 46% at 850_C for HTES has been calculated previously [14]. In addition to the increase in efficiency, a high-temperature steam electrolysis system supported by a nuclear power plant is able to produce hydrogen without the greenhouse gas emissions associated with hydrocarbon processes, while also providing a means to store nuclear power [7].…”

Section: Hydrogen/syngas Production Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, renewed interest in energy storage through hydrogen and syngas (synthesis gas, H 2 and CO) production has led to increased research into reversible SOFC and specific SOEC studies [3][4][5][6]. The production of high quality hydrogen as a means of energy storage for nuclear power has also recently been considered as a viable option [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid oxide electrochemical reactor science.

Sullivan

Stechel²,

Moyer

et al. 2010

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This LDRD involved a collaboration between Sandia and the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) ins solid-oxide electrochemical reactors targeted at solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOEC), which are the reverse of solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC). SOECs complement Sandia's efforts in thermochemical production of alternative fuels. An SOEC technology would co-electrolyze carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with steam at temperatures around 800 ºC to form synthesis gas (H 2 and CO), which forms the building blocks for a petrochemical substitutes that can be used to power vehicles or in distributed energy platforms. The effort described here concentrates on research concerning catalytic chemistry, charge-transfer chemistry, and optimal cell-architecture. technical scope included computational modeling, materials development, and experimental evaluation. The project engaged the Colorado Fuel Cell Center at CSM through the support of a graduate student (Connor Moyer) at CSM and his advisors (Profs. Robert Kee and Neal Sullivan) in collaboration with Sandia. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis report is based largely upon the thesis written by Connor Moyer for his degree of Master of Science (Engineering) at Colorado School of Mines, which this LDRD helped fund. This project also leveraged modeling results from Dr. Huayang Zhu at Colorado School of Mines, who was primarily funded by the Office of Naval Research via an RTC grant (N00014-05-1-03339).5

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High-temperature electrolysis for large-scale hydrogen production from nuclear energy – Experimental investigations

Cited by 144 publications

References 4 publications

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Characterization of 3D interconnected microstructural network in mixed ionic and electronic conducting ceramic composites

Solid oxide electrochemical reactor science.

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High-temperature electrolysis for large-scale hydrogen production from nuclear energy – Experimental investigations

Cited by 144 publications

References 4 publications

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y2O3-ZrO2Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y2O3-ZrO2Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Characterization of 3D interconnected microstructural network in mixed ionic and electronic conducting ceramic composites

Solid oxide electrochemical reactor science.

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Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

Mechanism and Kinetics of Ni-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂Hydrogen Electrode for Water Electrolysis Reactions in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells