High-Temperature Capacitor Polymer Films

Tan, Daoyong; Zhang, Lili; Chen, Qin; Irwin, Patricia

doi:10.1007/s11664-014-3440-7

Cited by 207 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This brings extra weight, volume and energy consumption to the integrated power system and reduces its reliability and efficiency. The upsurge in lightweight and flexible electronic devices has also created a tremendous demand for high-temperature dielectric polymers, as the heat generated by electronic devices and circuitry increases exponentially with miniaturization and functionality.A variety of high-performance engineering polymers have been considered as possible high-temperature dielectric materials to address these urgent needs [15][16][17][18][19] . Until now, the key criteria established for evaluating high-temperature dielectric polymers has been the glass transition temperature (T g ) and thermal stability.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flexible high-temperature dielectric materials from polymer nanocomposites

Gadinski

Zhang

et al. 2015

Nature

1,546

1,149

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Dielectric materials, which store energy electrostatically, are ubiquitous in advanced electronics and electric power systems. Compared to their ceramic counterparts, polymer dielectrics have higher breakdown strengths and greater reliability, are scalable, lightweight and can be shaped into intricate configurations, and are therefore an ideal choice for many power electronics, power conditioning, and pulsed power applications. However, polymer dielectrics are limited to relatively low working temperatures, and thus fail to meet the rising demand for electricity under the extreme conditions present in applications such as hybrid and electric vehicles, aerospace power electronics, and underground oil and gas exploration. Here we describe crosslinked polymer nanocomposites that contain boron nitride nanosheets, the dielectric properties of which are stable over a broad temperature and frequency range. The nanocomposites have outstanding high-voltage capacitive energy storage capabilities at record temperatures (a Weibull breakdown strength of 403 megavolts per metre and a discharged energy density of 1.8 joules per cubic centimetre at 250 degrees Celsius). Their electrical conduction is several orders of magnitude lower than that of existing polymers and their high operating temperatures are attributed to greatly improved thermal conductivity, owing to the presence of the boron nitride nanosheets, which improve heat dissipation compared to pristine polymers (which are inherently susceptible to thermal runaway). Moreover, the polymer nanocomposites are lightweight, photopatternable and mechanically flexible, and have been demonstrated to preserve excellent dielectric and capacitive performance after intensive bending cycles. These findings enable broader applications of organic materials in high-temperature electronics and energy storage devices.

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confidence: 99%

“…A variety of high-performance engineering polymers have been considered as possible high-temperature dielectric materials to address these urgent needs [15][16][17][18][19] . Until now, the key criteria established for evaluating high-temperature dielectric polymers has been the glass transition temperature (T g ) and thermal stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible high-temperature dielectric materials from polymer nanocomposites

Gadinski

Zhang

et al. 2015

Nature

1,546

1,149

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“…Compared with ceramics, polymeric materials offer inherent advantages for capacitors, including their light weight, facile processability, scalability, high breakdown strength, and graceful failure mechanism (1-5). However, dielectric polymers often suffer from low operating temperatures, which fall short of the emerging demands for energy storage and conversion in harsh environments commonly present in automobile, aerospace power systems, and advanced microelectronics (6,7). For example, to accommodate biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), the state-of-the-art commercially available polymer film capacitors in electric vehicles, additional radiator cooling has to be applied to decrease the environmental temperature from ∼140 to ∼70°C (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites with high energy density and great charge–discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures

Liu

Yang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

327

199

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The demand for a new generation of high-temperature dielectric materials toward capacitive energy storage has been driven by the rise of high-power applications such as electric vehicles, aircraft, and pulsed power systems where the power electronics are exposed to elevated temperatures. Polymer dielectrics are characterized by being lightweight, and their scalability, mechanical flexibility, high dielectric strength, and great reliability, but they are limited to relatively low operating temperatures. The existing polymer nanocomposite-based dielectrics with a limited energy density at high temperatures also present a major barrier to achieving significant reductions in size and weight of energy devices. Here we report the sandwich structures as an efficient route to high-temperature dielectric polymer nanocomposites that simultaneously possess high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. In contrast to the conventional single-layer configuration, the rationally designed sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites are capable of integrating the complementary properties of spatially organized multicomponents in a synergistic fashion to raise dielectric constant, and subsequently greatly improve discharged energy densities while retaining low loss and high charge-discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures. At 150°C and 200 MV m −1 , an operating condition toward electric vehicle applications, the sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites outperform the state-of-the-art polymer-based dielectrics in terms of energy density, power density, charge-discharge efficiency, and cyclability. The excellent dielectric and capacitive properties of the polymer nanocomposites may pave a way for widespread applications in modern electronics and power modules where harsh operating conditions are present.electrical energy storage | dielectric | polymer nanocomposites | capacitors | high temperature F ilm capacitors store electrical energy in dielectric materials in the form of an electrostatic field between two electrodes. They possess the highest power density (on the order of megawatts) and the best rate capability (on the order of microseconds) among the electrical energy storage devices and are critical for power electronics, power conditioning, and pulsed power applications (1-3). For instance, DC bus capacitors are essential components in the power inverters of electric vehicles for the conversion of direct current to alternating current, which is required to drive the vehicle's motor. Compared with ceramics, polymeric materials offer inherent advantages for capacitors, including their light weight, facile processability, scalability, high breakdown strength, and graceful failure mechanism (1-5). However, dielectric polymers often suffer from low operating temperatures, which fall short of the emerging demands for energy storage and conversion in harsh environments commonly present in automobile, aerospace power systems, and advanced microelectronics (6, 7). For example, to accommodate biaxially oriented polypropylen...

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] There have been many experimental efforts on understanding and improving the performances, particularly the breakdown strength, dielectric constant, and energy density, of polymer-based dielectric nanocomposites. [22][23][24] Under continuous extreme conditions such as high electric fields and high temperatures in hybrid vehicles, military arena, and deep Oil/Gas exploration, [25][26][27] polymer-based dielectrics [22][23][24] Under continuous extreme conditions such as high electric fields and high temperatures in hybrid vehicles, military arena, and deep Oil/Gas exploration, [25][26][27] polymer-based dielectrics…”

Section: Electrothermal Breakdownmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, there is a lack of a quantitative understanding of the thermal effects on breakdown. [22][23][24] Under continuous extreme conditions such as high electric fields and high temperatures in hybrid vehicles, military arena, and deep Oil/Gas exploration, [25][26][27] polymer-based dielectrics First, the electrical conductivity can be decreased to reduce the Joule heating.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase‐Field Model of Electrothermal Breakdown in Flexible High‐Temperature Nanocomposites under Extreme Conditions

Shen

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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are subject to thermal degradation due to the heat generation from electrical power dissipation, namely, Joule heating. If this does not cause an insulation failure, the temperature in the polymer-based dielectrics will continue to rise until the cooling of the material is equal to the electrical power dissipation and a steady-state heat flow is established. In many circumstances, this causes an insulation failure, either because the intrinsic breakdown strength is lowered due to temperature rise, or because the conductivity and hence the electrical power dissipation in the dielectrics increases causing a further rise in temperature and thermal degradation.The insulation failure due to the temperature rise is called the thermal breakdown, which is accompanied by either a glass transition (T > T g ) or melting of the polymer (T > T m ), or the avalanche multiplication of electronic charge carriers. [28][29][30] Compared with the electric breakdown and the electromechanical breakdown, the thermal breakdown is perhaps the most obvious form of breakdown mechanism for polymer-based dielectrics. Unfortunately, there is a lack of a quantitative understanding of the thermal effects on breakdown. For example, there can be two approaches to preventing the thermal breakdown. First, the electrical conductivity can be decreased to reduce the Joule heating. Second, the thermal conductivity can be increased to improve the efficiency of the heat dissipation from the materials to the surrounding, so as to cool the materials. However, in many cases, materials with high thermal conductivity also tend to have high electrical conductivity, partly because free carriers carry charges as well as heat, and this is also the fundamental paradox needed to be decoupled in thermoelectrics. [31,32] Therefore, if only one of these two properties is to be optimized, which one is more effective for preventing the thermal breakdown?In a previous work, a phase-field model was developed to simulate the dielectric breakdown process in polymer nanocomposites. [33] It incorporated the phase separation energy, gradient energy, and electric energy. However, thermal energy is not included in the existing model. Therefore, the predicted breakdown strengths and energy densities of various polymer nanocomposites correspond to room temperature. In this work, we extend the phase-field model to include the thermal energy contribution from Joule heating (see Experimental Section and the Supporting Information). We then investigated the thermal Polymer-based dielectrics are attracting increasing attention due to their high-density energy storage. However, mitigating the heat generation in real capacitors has been a challenge. Here an electrothermal breakdown phasefield model is developed to fundamentally understand the thermal effects on the dielectric breakdown of polymer-based dielectrics in real capacitor configurations including the increase in the dielectric loss and the decrease in the breakdown strength. While both enhancing the thermal conductivity and re...

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High-Temperature Capacitor Polymer Films

Cited by 207 publications

References 5 publications

Flexible high-temperature dielectric materials from polymer nanocomposites

Flexible high-temperature dielectric materials from polymer nanocomposites

Sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites with high energy density and great charge–discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures

Phase‐Field Model of Electrothermal Breakdown in Flexible High‐Temperature Nanocomposites under Extreme Conditions

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