High-Temperature and Drought-Resilience Traits among Interspecific Chromosome Substitution Lines for Genetic Improvement of Upland Cotton

Abstract

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and development during the pre-and post-flowering stages are susceptible to high temperature and drought. We report the field-based characterization of multiple morpho-physiological and reproductive stress resilience traits in 11 interspecific chromosome substitution (CS) lines isogenic to each other and the inbred G. hirsutum line TM-1. Significant genetic variability was detected (p < 0.001) in multiple traits in CS lines carrying chromosomes and chromosome segments from CS-B (G. barbadense) and CS-T (G. tomentosum). Line CS-T15sh had a positive effect on photosynthesis (13%), stomatal conductance (33%), and transpiration (24%), and a canopy 6.8 °C cooler than TM-1. The average pollen germination was approximately 8% greater among the CS-B than CS-T lines. Based on the stress response index, three CS lines are identified as heat- and drought-tolerant (CS-T07, CS-B15sh, and CS-B18). The three lines demonstrated enhanced photosynthesis (14%), stomatal conductance (29%), transpiration (13%), and pollen germination (23.6%) compared to TM-1 under field conditions, i.e., traits that would expectedly enhance performance in stressful environments. The generated phenotypic data and stress-tolerance indices on novel CS lines, along with phenotypic methods, would help in developing new cultivars with improved resilience to the effects of global warming.

Effects of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stage on pollen germination, yield, and leaf reflectance properties in maize (Zea mays L.)

“…The combined effects of drought and heat stresses have been investigated in some field crops such as wheat (Qaseem et al, 2019 ), rice (Costa et al, 2021 ), barley (Zhanassova et al, 2021 ), peanut (Hamidou et al, 2013 ), canola (Elferjani & Soolanayakanahally, 2018 ), sorghum (Johnson et al, 2014 ), and soybean (Cohen et al, 2021 ) at different development stages.The above studies reported that exposure of plants to combined stresses could lead to more acute damage than individual stress. Combined stresses, particularly during the stress‐sensitive reproductive stages, decreased pollen viability (Bheemanahalli et al, 2021 ; Rang et al, 2011 ), gas exchanges (Reddy et al, 2020 ), yield, and quality parameters (Assefa et al, 2018 ) in different crops. Maize is highly sensitive to drought and heat stresses compared with other cereals (Barnabás et al, 2008 ).…”

Genetically Modified Natural Plants: Horizontal Gene Transformation

“…Hatta söz konusu melezlemelerin bir sonucu olarak genler arasındaki bağlılık (linkage) durumları göz önüne alındığında dikey gen transferi kavramında adı geçen "gen" ifadesinin boyut değiştirerek daha büyük DNA parçalarını ve hatta bir adım öteye giderek kromozom ya da genom boyutunda meydana gelebilen genetik modifikasyonlara neden olabileceği bilimsel bir gerçektir [24]. Örneğin, klasik ıslah uygulamalarında genom katlanma çalışmaları sonucu oluşturulan allove auto-poliploid bitkiler [25][26][27] ile kromozom ve bu kromozomlar üzerinde yer alan genlerin genom içerisindeki fonksiyonlarının anlaşılmasına yönelik olarak ortaya konan yer değiştirilmiş kendilenmiş hatlar [28][29][30][31] ya da kromozom eliminasyon çalışmaları [32] bu uygulamalara örnek olarak gösterilebilir [33][34][35]. Diğer taraftan melezleme yoluyla sitoplazmik erkek kısır bitkiler geliştirmek amacıyla özellikle polen alıcısı hatlarda yapılan mitokondriyal organel transferlerinin de bu kapsamda değerlendirilmesi gerektiği açıktır [36,37].…”

Low- and High-Temperature Phenotypic Diversity of Brassica carinata Genotypes for Early-Season Growth and Development

“…Plant species, and genotypes within species, vary in their sensitivity to temperature ( Munyon et al, 2021 ; Reddy et al, 2021 ). Several studies used variations in morpho-physiological and yield responses to evaluate stress tolerance in oilseed crops: canola ( Elferjani and Soolanayakanahally, 2018 ), peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) ( Kakani et al, 2002 ), and cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) ( Reddy et al, 2020 ). In addition, to shoot traits, root traits have been used to investigate crop responses to a range of stresses, including drought ( Raju et al, 2014 ), low temperature ( Reddy et al, 2021 ), high temperature ( Alsajri et al, 2019 ), nutrient ( Jia et al, 2022 ), salinity ( Kakar et al, 2019 ), waterlogging ( Walne and Reddy, 2021 ), and UV-B ( Ramamoorthy et al, 2022 ).…”