High-Temperature All Solid-State Microsupercapacitors based on SiC Nanowire Electrode and YSZ Electrolyte

Abstract

We demonstrate a symmetric supercapacitor by using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the electrolyte and silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NWs) as the electrode. The stacked symmetric SiC NWs/YSZ/SiC NWs supercapacitors exhibit excellent thermal stability and high areal capacitance at temperatures above 300 °C. The supercapacitor functions well at a record high temperature of 450 °C, yielding an areal capacitance of 92 μF cm(-2) at a voltage scan rate of 100 mV s(-1). At this temperature, it is also capable of withstanding current densities up to 50 μA cm(-2), yielding a maximum areal power density of 100 μW cm(-2). Good cycling stability is demonstrated with a capacitance retention of over 60% after 10,000 cycles at the operation temperature of 450 °C and a scan rate of 200 mV s(-1).

Robust High‐Temperature Supercapacitors Based on SiC Nanowires

“…These experimental results underscore the robust cycling stability of current SCs based on SiC nanowires against high temperatures, which could be possibly attributed to the following points: (i) The used IL electrolyte, which could effectively suppress the thermally activated side reactions often occurred in aqueous and organic electrolytes; [ 46 ] (ii) The selected electrode material of SiC. SiC is recognized as one of the most important candidates of third‐generation semiconductors with overall outstanding physical/chemical properties, which holds the unique advantage for exploring optoelectronic devices against the harsh working environments such as high temperature, high power and high frequency; [ 16,18,47 ] (iii) The rationally designed microstructure of SiC nanowires. The SiC nanowires are etched with much more exposed active sites and in situ grown on the CF substrate, which could adjust the volume variation and maintain the structural stability during the charge‐discharge process at high temperatures.…”

New electrolyte mixture of propylene carbonate and butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (N1114 TFSI) for high performance silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based supercapacitor applications

“…Power and energy density values were ranged from 0.2Á10 3 to 16Á10 3 mWcm À2 (1.4 to 50.8 mWcm À3 ) and from 0.25 to 0.3 mWhcm À2 (0.75 to 0.95 mWhcm À3 ) at current densities ranging from 0.1 to 11 mA.cm À2 respectively. These values were compared to the state-of-the-art using similar studies dealing with silicon nanostructures such as CVD-SiNWs [1,[4][5][6]8,21], silicon nanotrees (SiNTrs) [15] or silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs) [34] in presence of various electrolytes. Additionally, a comparison with other micro-supercapacitors based on the functionalization of CVD-SiNWs by using pseudocapacitive materials such as electroactive conducting polymers (PEDOT and PPy) [35,36] or transition metal oxides (MnO 2 ) [37] has been also reported.…”

Graphitic‐Based Solid‐State Supercapacitors: Enabling Redox Reaction by In Situ Electrochemical Treatment

“…Additionally, the emerging need for clean energy sources such as solar and wind energies further increases the demand for reliable and maintenance-free batteries and supercapacitors [1][2] . Electrochemical supercapacitors have attracted a lot of attention due to their high power density capability as storage devices [3][4][5][6] . Their environmentally friendly and long cyclability characteristics make electrochemical supercapacitors prominent candidates for future integrated energy storage devices [2,7] .…”

“…Traditionally, supercapacitors are fabricated using liquid electrolytes, making them prone to undesirable electrolyte leakage issue [4,18] . The packaging requirements needed to guarantee leakage-free cells makes them too large and unpractical for miniaturized applications.…”