High surface area mesoporous activated carbon developed from coconut leaf by chemical activation with H3PO4 for adsorption of methylene blue

Abstract

a b s t r a c tA sequence of organized precipitation test was conducted based on the Taguchi robust design so as to evaluate the best conditions for the preparation of Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 nano-particles in the absence of common additives like surfactants, templates or catalysts, indicating that the dimensions of the product nanoparticles can be manipulated merely through altering the parameters affecting the reaction. These parameters include the concentrations of Gd(III) and carbonate ions as well as the reactor temperature. The optimal reaction conditions led to the production of Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 nano-particles of 36 nm in average diameter, which were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 was further calcinated at 700°C to decompose into spherical Gd 2 O 3 nano-particles with average diameters below 25 nm, the formation of which was established by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FT-IR techniques. In order to obtain the band gap energies of the fabricated carbonate and oxide nano-products, they were characterized by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Besides, the photocatalytic behaviors of the nano-products in degradation of methyl orange as a pollution of water were explored, and the results exhibited the efficacy of both products in eliminating of the organic pollutant.

FeCl3-Activated Carbon Developed from Coconut Leaves: Characterization and Application for Methylene Blue Removal

“…As illustrated in Figure 4, MB uptake by FAC was not affected by pH within the range of 3 to 11 due to buffering effect of the adsorbent. Similar result have been reported for the adsorption of MB by coconut leaves (Jawad et al 2017b;Rashid et al 2016), mango peel (Jawad et al 2017d), Parthenium hysterophorus (Lata et al 2007), Prosopis cineraria sawdust (Garg et al 2004) and Posidonia oceanica (L.) fibres (Ncibi et al 2007). Therefore, the pH value of unadjusted MB solution (pH 5.6) was used throughout this study.…”

“…Methylene blue (MB) is a basic dye with favorable water solubility and the most commonly used for dyeing of textiles and leather, printing calico, printing cotton and biological staining methods (Jawad et al 2016b). MB has various harmful effects on human beings, such as eye irritation, gastrointestinal irritation and nausea upon ingestion, including vomiting and diarrhea (Jawad et al 2017b), so it is of utmost importance to be removed from wastewaters.…”

A mini-review of the morphological properties of biosorbents derived from plant leaves

“…After adsorption, there was a noticeably smoothening out of the biosorbent surface as Pb(II) ions are adsorbed onto Fig. 6 a SEM image of coconut leaves activated carbon at ×3000 magnification [33]. b SEM image of coconut leaves activated carbon after adsorption at ×3000 magnification [33] Fig.…”

Adsorptive removal of methylene blue by chemically treated cellulosic waste banana (Musa sapientum) peels

“…The presence of MB in water hindered the transmission of sunlight thus reducing the photosynthesis activities of aquatic flora and oxygenation of water reservoirs. While from the human health angle, MB results in harmful effects such as eye irritation, gastrointestinal irritation and nausea upon ingestion, including vomiting and diarrhoea [6]. Removal of MB from wastewater is a main environmental challenge and there is a continuous need to have an effective procedure that can efficiently remove it economically.…”