High sugar ryegrasses for livestock systems in New Zealand

Edwards, Grant; Parsons, A. J.; Rasmussen, Susanne; Bryant, Racheal H.

doi:10.33584/jnzg.2007.69.2674

Cited by 62 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Cows fed alfalfa with greater WSC concentrations (Brito et al 2008(Brito et al , 2009 or highsugar grasses (Miller et al 2001) utilized N more efficiently and produced more milk. A WSC:CP ratio above 0.70 has been proposed to improve dietary N use for milk production and to reduce N losses in urine (Edwards et al 2007). In our study, the average WSC:CP ratio across the three harvests and the 2 post-seeding years was 0.65 for the alfalfa monoculture and 0.79 for the alfalfaÁtimothy mixture.…”

Section: Alfalfa Vs Alfalfa á Timothy Mixturementioning

confidence: 51%

Benefits of mixing timothy with alfalfa for forage yield, nutritive value, and weed suppression in northern environments

2014

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Bélanger, G., Castonguay, Y. and Lajeunesse, J. 2014. Benefits of mixing timothy with alfalfa for forage yield, nutritive value, and weed suppression in northern environments. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 51–60. Alfalfa can be grown alone or with a grass, but little information exists on the benefits of mixing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with a grass in northern environments. Our objectives were (1) to determine the benefits in terms of forage yield, nutritive value, and weed suppression of mixing timothy (Phleum pratense L.) with alfalfa and (2) to evaluate the persistence of alfalfa cultivars of varied adaptation to cold and of alfalfa populations selectively improved for superior freezing tolerance in a grass–legume mixture and in monoculture. This study was conducted in a region with 1700 degree-days (5°C basis) with one harvest in the seeding year (2008), three harvests in each of two post-seeding years, and one harvest in the third post-seeding year. Adding timothy to alfalfa increased the seasonal total dry matter (DM) yield by an average of 0.57 Mg DM ha−1 yr−1 in the first 2 post-seeding years and this seasonal effect was due mostly to a DM yield increase at the first harvest. The weed contribution to total DM yield in the three harvests of the first 2 post-seeding years was greater in the alfalfa monoculture (16 to 47%) than in the alfalfa–timothy mixture (12 to 36%). Mixing timothy with alfalfa also increased neutral detergent fibre concentration and digestibility, decreased N concentration, and tended to increase water soluble concentration, but had little effect on forage DM digestibility. Cultivars and populations recurrently selected for superior freezing tolerance did not differ in persistence and had a limited effect on DM yield and nutritive value attributes. The positive effect on DM yield of mixing timothy with alfalfa was not accompanied by a reduction in forage digestibility that is usually observed with increased DM yield.

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Section: Alfalfa Vs Alfalfa á Timothy Mixturementioning

confidence: 51%

Benefits of mixing timothy with alfalfa for forage yield, nutritive value, and weed suppression in northern environments

2014

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“…However, such cultivars might not consistently express the high sugar trait under certain environments [8,35]. Furthermore, high sugar grasses may have lower DM yields than standard cultivars [54][55][56]. Therefore, in order to assess the actual environmental benefit of grazing systems that either use these improved cultivars or apply pasture management regimes aimed to enhance forage WSC concentrations, an accurate evaluation of their nutritional value is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Drying Methods on Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Crude Protein Concentrations and Their Ratio in Two Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars

2019

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The objective of this study was to assess the joint effect of perennial ryegrass cultivars and drying methods on concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and crude protein (CP) and WSC/CP ratio. AberMagic AR1 and Expo AR1 forage were collected in December 2016, March, June, September and November 2017 and either oven-dried at 60 °C for 48 h (OD_60), at 80 °C for 16 h (OD_80), frozen at −80 °C for 48 h then freeze-dried (−80_FD), or flash-frozen with liquid N then freeze-dried (LN_FD). Data were analyzed by ANOVA in a factorial design with cultivar and drying method as factors. AberMagic AR1 had between 9.0 to 31.5% higher WSC concentration than Expo AR1 in the four samplings. Freeze-drying preserved more WSC than oven-drying treatments (+22.7%), particularly in June. The CP concentration of Expo AR1 was higher only in December (+6.8%), and was 22.9 and 10.9% higher in OD_60 samples compared to LN_FD samples in December and November, respectively. The WSC/CP ratio varied in June, being greater in AberMagic AR1 (+36.1%). Drying method affected WSC/CP ratio in December, June and November where freeze-drying produced greater ratios. Drying techniques generated differences in WSC, CP and WSC/CP ratio, which may affect the accuracy of the estimated impacts of forages on productivity and N use efficiency.

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“…For example, both methane production per unit organic matter intake and the proportion of N intake that is excreted as urine are dependent on perennial ryegrass genotype (Miller et al , 2001; Lovett et al , 2006). Here we focus on the development through selective breeding of perennial ryegrass genotypes with high water‐soluble carbohydrate content (‘high‐sugar’ grasses) (Humphreys, 1989; Miller et al , 2001; Lee et al , 2002; Edwards et al , 2007 a,b ). The hypothesis is that by improving the balance and supply of energy and protein in the rumen, greater N capture may occur.…”

Section: Positive Plant Microbial Interactions With Potential For Devmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These gains were shown to come via greater capture of microbial N in the rumen and greater passage of microbial protein to, and absorption of amino acids from, the small intestine (Merry et al , 2003). Edwards et al (2007 a,b ) reviewed data from trials carried out in the UK, Holland, New Zealand and Australia that assessed the effects of high water‐soluble carbohydrate ryegrass cultivars on milk yield per cow, N utilisation and wider trophic interactions. The literature revealed substantial variation in animal responses, although much of this uncertainty was resolved by combining the data from multiple trials, which showed a continuum of response to diet ‘quality’, specifically, when related to a tissue water‐soluble carbohydrate to crude protein ratio.…”

Section: Positive Plant Microbial Interactions With Potential For Devmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive plant microbial interactions in perennial ryegrass dairy pasture systems

Andrews

Edwards

Ridgway

et al. 2011

Annals of Applied Biology

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Literature on positive plant microbial interactions in perennial ryegrass dairy pasture systems is reviewed and interactions that have been reported to have a substantial impact on pasture production and/or levels of chemical inputs into or losses from the system are assessed. Utilisation of N2 fixing (rhizobia) white clover as the N input into a perennial ryegrass pasture is likely to give pasture and milk production similar to that with addition of 200 kg inorganic N ha−1 annum−1 and avoid greenhouse gas emissions resulting from N fertiliser production. Use of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide that de‐activates the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme in ammonia‐oxidising bacteria can substantially reduce NO3− leaching and N2O emissions from perennial ryegrass pastures while increasing productivity. Infection of perennial ryegrass plants with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii is very significant for the production and persistence of dairy pastures in Australasia due to the endophyte producing a range of alkaloids that confer benefit to the host plant through insect resistance/repellance. In addition, there is considerable potential to manipulate rumen microorganisms such that methane production per unit organic matter intake and the proportion of N uptake that is excreted in urine are decreased while production is maintained or increased. Also, P‐solubilising bacteria and mycorrhizas are worthy of study in relation to the development of inoculants for use as a mechanism to increase P availability in pastures from reserves in the soil and/or applied rock phosphate.

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High sugar ryegrasses for livestock systems in New Zealand

Cited by 62 publications

References 43 publications

Benefits of mixing timothy with alfalfa for forage yield, nutritive value, and weed suppression in northern environments

Benefits of mixing timothy with alfalfa for forage yield, nutritive value, and weed suppression in northern environments

The Effect of Drying Methods on Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Crude Protein Concentrations and Their Ratio in Two Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars

Positive plant microbial interactions in perennial ryegrass dairy pasture systems

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