High-strength and functional nanocellulose filaments made by direct wet spinning from low concentration suspensions

Cellulosic nanocomposite filaments for an ionic strength sensor with ultrahigh precision and sensitivity

“…Thus in this work, we opted for ethanol as the coagulation bath. 41 Another benefit of using ethanol is that it promotes a fast drying process (<2 min), which can facilitate the dense packing of CNFs and CNTs, as well as maintain the high CNF orientation during the drying process.…”

Engineering strong man-made cellulosic fibers: a review of the wet spinning process based on cellulose nanofibrils

“…5b and c). 56 More recently, a new standard measured by the creep recovery (CR) test was reported, in which it was discovered that TEMPO-CNFs with a charge density of 820 μmol g −1 form an increasingly elastic network with a decreasing deformation ability above the gel point concentration (G′ ≈ G″), 51 which links to the cross-point of the curves in Fig. 4e.…”

“…51 (e) Photos of still-wet fibers spun from 0.3 wt% and 0.4 wt% concentrations. 51 (f ) SEM image of the cross-section and degree of orientation of different CNF fibers. 51 (g) TEM images of CNFs extracted from wood and tunicate and SEM images of their corresponding spun fibers showing cross-section and surface.…”

“…51 (f ) SEM image of the cross-section and degree of orientation of different CNF fibers. 51 (g) TEM images of CNFs extracted from wood and tunicate and SEM images of their corresponding spun fibers showing cross-section and surface. 59 (h) SEM images showing the surface of fibers spun from TEMPO-oxidized BC with different concentrations.…”

“…72 ( j) Photos and virtually flowability of reconcentrated and directly-made 0.4 wt% CNF suspensions. 51 ratio and narrower size distribution, giving rise to a stronger network structure; the decrease is due to (1) the increased osmotic repulsion force between CNFs, leading to lower agglomeration propensity and (2) reduced fibril length (aspect ratio) as a result of excessive chemical modification, leading to a lower fibril crowding degree. 72 Besides, charge density directly influences the flow-tononflow transition behavior of CNF suspensions.…”