High stable post-spinel NaMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode of sodium ion battery

Liu, Xizheng; Wang, Xi; Iyo, A.; Yu, Haijun; Li, De; Zhou, Haoshen

doi:10.1039/c4ta03349c

Cited by 62 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…53 Indeed, ab initio calculations on spinel NaMn 2 O 4 predicted that this compound is unstable by more than 50 meV/atom, and decomposes into NaMnO 2 , Na 2 Mn 3 O 7 , and Mn 2 O 3 . 54 This claim was confirmed by an experimental study by Komaba and coworkers, 55 and more recently by Liu et al, 56 who cycled spinel-type LiMn 2 O 4 samples in a Na cell. In the latter work, sodium was inserted into the cathode material after initial electrochemical extraction of lithium, but the poor stability of the Na-containing spinel structure led to the transformation to a layered structure after several cycles.…”

Section: The Different Crystal Chemistries Of Intercalated LIsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In the latter work, sodium was inserted into the cathode material after initial electrochemical extraction of lithium, but the poor stability of the Na-containing spinel structure led to the transformation to a layered structure after several cycles. 55,56 Destabilizing mechanisms for Na x MO 2 structures.-The mechanisms responsible for capacity loss and poor reversibility in Na x MO 2 cathodes are different from those observed in lithium systems. Layered Na x MO 2 materials have a tendency to undergo phase transformations induced by oxygen layer glides at low Na contents, and transitions between the different Na + ion/vacancy ordered patterns formed at particular Na stoichiometries.…”

Section: The Different Crystal Chemistries Of Intercalated LImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Layered and tunnel Na x MnO 2 compounds are by far the most investigated, with only very few reports of other types (e.g. spinel 56 ) of manganese-based oxide cathode materials. An early study by Parant et al showed that the structures of Na x MnO 2 phases split into two main groups: tunnel-like structures at low x (e.g.…”

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Review—Manganese-Based P2-Type Transition Metal Oxides as Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Clément

Bruce

Grey

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

426

388

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Sodium transition metal oxides (NaMO 2 ) with a P2 structure exhibit good Na + ion conductivity and are promising sodium-ion battery cathode materials. Manganese-based compounds have a high working potential vs. Na + /Na, and high capacity. Yet, the layered nature of these materials means that they are prone to structural rearrangements at high voltage/low Na contents, the phase transformations and Na + ion/vacancy ordering transitions resulting in capacity fade and poor reversibility. This review discusses the latest advances in the field and focuses mainly on recent work on Na y Mn 1-x M x O 2 (x, y ≤ 1, M = Ni, Mg, Li) compounds. We compare the different lithium and sodium transition metal layered oxides (P2, O3, etc.) and describe the structures and mechanisms observed on alkali (de)intercalation. The strategies used to enhance the electrochemical properties and stabilize the structural framework of sodium transition metal oxides are reviewed. We show how X-ray diffraction and 7 Li/ 23 Na solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance can be combined to provide a detailed insight into the structural and electronic processes occurring upon electrochemical cycling of these materials. Why Are We Interested in Na-Ion Battery Cathodes?Together, the increasing demand for energy and the threat from Global Warming make electrical energy storage (EES) a world wide strategic priority. EES is expected to play a key role in the decarbonization of electric power sources. The two billion people worldwide not currently served by a reliable electricity supply are likely to be connected via local grids, for which EES is essential. While Li-ion batteries (LIBs) will play a role, a key challenge is to develop lower cost batteries that deliver safe, reliable storage with high cycle and calendar life. In this regard, Na-ion batteries (NIBs) are potentially important. NIBs operate in a similar fashion to LIBs, offering both advantages and disadvantages. Concerning the former, the ability to use Al instead of Cu as a current collector at the anode could substantially reduce cost. Na is also far more abundant in the Earth's crust than Li, and more widely distributed geographically. Regarding the disadvantages, the standard operating potential of Na metal is 300 mV more positive than Li metal. This generally translates into lower operating potentials for Na-ion systems, although the potential of a full cell depends on the difference in the chemical potentials of Na in the anode and cathode materials. There are considerable opportunities for scientists to develop new combinations of anode, electrolyte and cathode that are optimized for a variety of applications with different criteria such as high energy density, high power, and high operating potential. This has encouraged a rapid growth of interest in research into NIB components. Hard carbons show some promise as anodes, [1][2][3] but more must be done to improve performance. The cathode remains a major challenge and it is to this that we direct the current review. A comparative plot sho...

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Section: The Different Crystal Chemistries Of Intercalated LIsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: The Different Crystal Chemistries Of Intercalated LImentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review—Manganese-Based P2-Type Transition Metal Oxides as Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Clément

Bruce

Grey

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

426

388

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“…[71] We explored the electrochemical properties of Ti-substituted tunnel-type Na 0.61 Ti 0.48 Mn 0.52 O 2 , and the results showed its desirable battery performance as a cathode material. [76] Under high-pressure conditions, we synthesized sodium manganese oxide NaMn 2 O 4 with a CaFe 2 O 4 -type lattice, [79] which possesses a 1D straight-channel structure. Later, the Ti-substituted Na 0.44 MnO 2 electrodes were also reported elsewhere in both nonaqueous and aqueous SIBs.…”

Section: Tunnel-type Transition-metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of Advanced Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Sun

Guo

Zhou

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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222

131

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As the rapid growth of the lithium‐ion battery (LIB) market raises concerns about limited lithium resources, rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting growing attention in the field of electrical energy storage due to the large abundance of sodium. Compared with the well‐developed commercial LIBs, all components of the SIB system, such as the electrode, electrolyte, binder, and separator, need further exploration before reaching a practical industrial application level. Drawing lessons from the LIB research, the SIB electrode materials are being extensively investigated, resulting in tremendous progress in recent years. In this article, the progress of the research on the development of electrode materials for SIBs is summarized. A variety of new electrode materials for SIBs, including transition‐metal oxides with a layered or tunnel structure, polyanionic compounds, and organic molecules, have been proposed and systematically investigated. Several promising materials with moderate energy density and ultra‐long cycling performance are demonstrated. Appropriate doping and/or surface treatment methodologies are developed to effectively promote the electrochemical properties. The challenges of and opportunities for exploiting satisfactory SIB electrode materials for practical applications are outlined.

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“…Graphite intercalated with electron donors such as alkali metals display a rich variety of phases with different compositions and crystal structures. LiC 6 and KC 8 are examples of stage-1 GICs with the metal intercalated between all the graphite layers. The staging index refers to the number of graphene layers between two successive layers of intercalated alkali metal atoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Why is sodium-intercalated graphite unstable?

2017

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Na-ion batteries offer an attractive low-cost alternative to Li-ion batteries. Although graphite is used as the negative electrode in conventional Li-ion batteries, attempts to use it in Na-ion batteries have been hampered by the inability of Na to form graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) under moderate conditions. It is generally considered that this is due to the size mismatch between Na and the graphite interlayer spacings, but here we show with detailed first-principles calculations of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs GICs that the major reason is the change in chemical bonding between alkali metal (AM) ion and C atoms. van der Waals correction terms are introduced to better reproduce the layered graphite structure, and calculated formation energies of GICs AMC 6 , where AM ¼ Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, are found to become less negative (less stable) as ion size decreases from Cs to Na as a result of weakening ionic bonding, until the formation energy of NaC 6 becomes positive. The much smaller Li ion represents an exception to this trend, as its bonds with C atoms contain a covalent component, resulting in a negative formation energy. These subtle differences in staging for the different alkali metals explain why graphite is a good intercalation material for Li and K but not for Na.

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High stable post-spinel NaMn₂O₄ cathode of sodium ion battery

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Review—Manganese-Based P2-Type Transition Metal Oxides as Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Review—Manganese-Based P2-Type Transition Metal Oxides as Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Exploration of Advanced Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Why is sodium-intercalated graphite unstable?

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High stable post-spinel NaMn2O4 cathode of sodium ion battery

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Review—Manganese-Based P2-Type Transition Metal Oxides as Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Review—Manganese-Based P2-Type Transition Metal Oxides as Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Exploration of Advanced Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Why is sodium-intercalated graphite unstable?

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High stable post-spinel NaMn₂O₄ cathode of sodium ion battery