High speed synchronous data generation and sampler system:  application to on-line fast Fourier transform faradaic admittance measurements

Schwall, Richard J.; Bond, Alan M.; Loyd, R. J.; Larsen, Joerg; Smith, Donald E.

doi:10.1021/ac50020a041

Cited by 68 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…At present, we believe, there are two approaches to transfer function measurement that seem both attractive and useful, i.e. the FFT approach advocated by Smith et al [ 18] and the analog procedure inter alia described in this paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A high-precision network analyzer system for the measurement of the electrode impedance of both stationary and non-stationary electrode, with special attention to the dropping mercury electrode

Bongenaar

Sluyters‐Rehbach

Sluyters

1980

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electroc

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A largely automatic instrument for the measurement of the admittance of a galvanic cell is described. During a measurement the frequency of the alternating voltage and the dc voltage are scanned stepwise in a programmed sequence. A high precision has been obtained by applying a programmed correction procedure and an automatic correction for short-term drift.The performance of the instrument is demonstrated on a dummy cell, a cell with supporting electrolyte only and on the determination of the kinetic parameters of the fast Cd(II) ion reduction on the DME in 1 M KC1. (I) INTRODUCTIONIn the past the impedance method has proved to be a powerful method for the study of electrochemical cells. The method may be applied for several purposes, e.g. characterization of an electrochemical object to find possible mechanisms in electrochemical processes, or in electroanalytical chemistry. In the last two cases the electrochemical object is mostly the dropping mercury (DME), because of its advantages of reproducibility and relative chemical inertness.When accurate measurements were required, ac bridges [ 1--4] were long considered to be superior to direct-measuring, phase-sensitive devices [ 5--11 ]. However, the (manual) operation of an ac bridge is tedious and time-consuming, especially in the case of a non-stationary object. In particular, in studies of electrode processes, it is increasingly recognized that many data points are needed, in both a wide frequency and a wide dc potential range, in order to be able todistinguish the possible contributions of charge transfer, diffusional mass transport, coupled chemical reactions and adsorption phenomena. It is therefore understandable that in recent developments much effort has been devoted to design more or less automatically operated, directmeasuring devices. For example, Huebert [ 12], using several tuned amplifiers, was able to apply a number of frequencies simultaneously to the cell, but still

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A high-precision network analyzer system for the measurement of the electrode impedance of both stationary and non-stationary electrode, with special attention to the dropping mercury electrode

Bongenaar

Sluyters‐Rehbach

Sluyters

1980

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electroc

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“…Unfortu nately, the signal-to-noise ratio is poor because of the large bandwidth attempted in one measurement and, therefore, measurements must invariably be repeated. Creason and Smith [8] and other co-workers such as Schwall [9] have been the main proponents of the NSM m the 10-10' Hz range. These researchers refer to the NSM as the Fast Fourier Transform method (FFTM).…”

Section: Measurement Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An instrument system for low-frequency (10⁻³–10³ Hz) impedance measurements

Morgan

Madden

Bennett

1986

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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\fi instrument system Is presented for impedance mea surements in the frequency range 10"^-10-^ Hz. The instrument fea tures a three-frequency sinusoidal source with digital data acquisition. The former shortens the experimental duration whereas the latter fa cilitates simple computer analysis for the impedance. The system per forms well even for cases with superimposed dc drifts. The results of some illustrative experiments are also presented.

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“…The first series of efforts was made by Smith et al starting in the 1970s [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Their approach was based on the application of the mixed ac waves of many different frequencies superimposed on a desired dc bias potential to an electrochemical system, and the resultant current signal is deconvoluted into the component frequencies employing fast Fourier transform (FFT).…”

Section: Evolution Of Hardware For Impedance Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 with eq. 13 leads to the following relations: (14) (15) Equation 15 leads to another relation (16) These equations allow all the relevant parameters to be obtained from a single impedance measurement, which takes no more than a few seconds at the longest. When the electrochemical kinetics is fast enough, the mass transport starts to limit the electron-transfer reaction from relatively high frequencies, making the impedance measurements possible within a few ms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel instrumentation in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a full description of an electrochemical system

Park

Yoo

Chang

et al. 2006

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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The evolution of impedance measurement methods into the current state of the art is reviewed briefly, and recent efforts to develop new instruments to make electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements faster and more accurate are described. The most recent approach for impedance measurement uses a multichannel detection technique, which is analogous to a spectroscopic measurement such as in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This method, which is capable of making impedance measurements in real time during an electrochemical experiment, allows us to come up with a new integrated equation that makes a full description of an electrochemical system possible.

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High speed synchronous data generation and sampler system: application to on-line fast Fourier transform faradaic admittance measurements

Cited by 68 publications

References 18 publications

A high-precision network analyzer system for the measurement of the electrode impedance of both stationary and non-stationary electrode, with special attention to the dropping mercury electrode

A high-precision network analyzer system for the measurement of the electrode impedance of both stationary and non-stationary electrode, with special attention to the dropping mercury electrode

An instrument system for low-frequency (10⁻³–10³ Hz) impedance measurements

Novel instrumentation in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a full description of an electrochemical system

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High speed synchronous data generation and sampler system: application to on-line fast Fourier transform faradaic admittance measurements

Cited by 68 publications

References 18 publications

A high-precision network analyzer system for the measurement of the electrode impedance of both stationary and non-stationary electrode, with special attention to the dropping mercury electrode

A high-precision network analyzer system for the measurement of the electrode impedance of both stationary and non-stationary electrode, with special attention to the dropping mercury electrode

An instrument system for low-frequency (10−3–103 Hz) impedance measurements

Novel instrumentation in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a full description of an electrochemical system

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Product

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An instrument system for low-frequency (10⁻³–10³ Hz) impedance measurements