High-speed, stable and repeatable PMD emulator with tunable statistics

Yan, Lianshan; Hauer, M.C.; Willner, Alan E.; Yeh, X.L.; Yang, Gang; Lin, L.; Chen, Z.; Shi, Yongqiang; Yao, X. Steve; Kath, William L.

doi:10.1109/ofc.2003.1247447

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This is a critical requirement for the development of standardized testing methods and to enable designers to make apples-to-apples comparisons of transmitterreceiver pairs. Deterministic emulators are usually configured to generate only certain components or combinations of first-and higher-order PMD in order to isolate the effects due to each ( [12,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]). For example, it may be desirable to examine the effects of second-order PMD on the performance of a first-order compensator by using an emulator for which the DGD remains fixed and the second-order PMD is variable [21].…”

Section: Deterministic Emulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this mechanical configuration is difficult to control precisely and is known to suffer from poor stability of the output polarization state. More recent approaches overcome these issues [22][23][24]. In [22], each variable DGD element consists of several birefringent crystals whose lengths increase in a binary series and are separated by electrically driven magneto-optic polarization switches, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Deterministic Emulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8(a), where three From [22]. elements are connected by two fiber-squeezer-based polarization controllers [23]. To obtain a Maxwellian DGD distribution at the output of all three sections, the DGD values of each element are varied according to a Maxwellian with average ∆τ .…”

Section: Deterministic Emulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Three output DGD distributions with different mean values, showing a good fit to the Maxwellian pdf for each case. From[23].…”

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confidence: 99%

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PMD emulation

Willner

Hauer

2004

J Optic Comm Rep

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As PMD has become an increasingly significant issue in high-bit-rate fiber optic systems, a need has developed for laboratory instruments and software tools capable of rapidly exploring the effects of PMD on various test items. The random nature of PMD dictates that to characterize its effects on transmitter/receiver pairs and on PMD compensation systems, one must repeatedly measure the system performance over a wide sample space of PMD states. This need has spurred the development of several methods for accurately and rapidly emulating the random variations of PMD in real fibers, as well as techniques for generating specific components and combinations of first-and higher-order PMD in a predictable and repeatable way. This chapter reviews several of these methods for both statistical and deterministic PMD emulation. The underlying concepts and rationales for various design architectures are discussed. A common analytical model for describing multisection all-order emulators is presented and a simple design example is used to further illustrate the concepts.

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Section: Deterministic Emulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deterministic Emulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deterministic Emulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Three output DGD distributions with different mean values, showing a good fit to the Maxwellian pdf for each case. From[23].…”

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confidence: 99%

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PMD emulation

Willner

Hauer

2004

J Optic Comm Rep

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“…stable temperature, high tolerance to vibrations or movements during experimental measurements. Stability ensures emulator repeatability or reproducibility [6], which ensures the emulator, is applicable for important sampling (IS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essence of re-calibrating optical instruments: analysis of the digital delay line

Ireeta¹,

Musara²,

Wu³

et al. 2013

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In this work a digital delay line (DDL) from Oz Optics was used. The DDL introduces a delay in optical paths between the fast and slow orthogonal polarizations by adjusting the relative travel distance of the two orthogonal modes. The insertion loss of the DDL is 1.5 dB. A Labview programme was used to write and read from the DDL. The DDL was adjusted from 0 to 60 ps and the observed first order polarization mode dispersion (FO-PMD) was measured. With 1018 random values between 0 and 60 ps, written to the DDL to adjust it, the resulting FO-PMD values give a histogram approaching the Maxwellian distribution, although not well populated on the tail. This therefore means the DDL alone can be controlled to generate a distribution approximating the Maxwellian distribution over a large sample size as would be expected theoretically. 118Winston T. Ireeta et al.

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Review of Polarization Test and Measurement

2005

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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High-speed, stable and repeatable PMD emulator with tunable statistics

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

PMD emulation

PMD emulation

Essence of re-calibrating optical instruments: analysis of the digital delay line

Review of Polarization Test and Measurement

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