High-speed sequential deposition of photoactive layers for organic solar cell manufacturing

High-speed printing of a bulk-heterojunction architecture in organic solar cells films

“…generally increased. 13 Based on the reported results, developing high-speed coating approaches of relevant BHJ active layers without sacrificing their device performance is crucial and urgent, especially under the background of the practical transition from lab-scale research to the exploration and pilot testing of large-scale BHJ solar modules.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] So far, the non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs deliver promising power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with over 19%, [7][8][9][10][11] drawing on the rapid improvement of materials design, morphology control, interface, and device engineering. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Notably, although many aspects, including internal factors, external conditions and synergistic stresses, etc., [18][19][20] influence the BHJ morphology degradation behaviors of OSCs, 21 recent improvements in operational and thermal stability issues have been greatly facilitated by various approaches, such as solvent and solid additives, non-fused NFAs, cross-linkable polymers and so on. [22][23][24][25][26] Of particular note is that many NFA-based active layer systems with high device performance and low synthesis cost (or low synthetic complexity) are also widely developed.…”

“…[22][23][24][25][26] Of particular note is that many NFA-based active layer systems with high device performance and low synthesis cost (or low synthetic complexity) are also widely developed. 6,10,21,27,28 Based on these visible developments in the OSC filed in terms of device efficiency, operation stability, and materials cost, it can be seen that scalable manufacturing issues (including, eco-friendly processability of function layers, scaling lag of device efficiency, high-speed coating capability, and encapsulation techniques), 13,29,30 which also determine the commercialization of OSCs, are becoming more prominent.…”

“…30,32,40,[43][44][45][46][47] Impressively, we recently demonstrated the high-speed processability of pseudo-bilayer-type active layers via a sequential deposition technology. 13 This high-speed coating approach can be applied to effectively blade various NFA-based systems, and can also be applied to various R2R-available coating techniques to fabricate OSCs while maintaining device performance. On the contrary, the BHJ active layers formed by the D:A mixed solutions exhibited huge performance losses of OSCs fabricated at high coating speeds.…”

Nonhalogenated Solution‐Processed Donor‐Dispersed Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Homogeneity in Vertical Phase Separation

“…[ 10–13 ] It is also of merit that the SD method is associated with reduced susceptibility to the stringently required processing conditions when compared to the one‐step deposition, thus potentially more attractive for scaling up device production. [ 14,15 ] Based on the SD method, there has been the proposal of using the Hansen solubility parameters for screening the film processing‐related parameters, with which OPVs with PCEs > 18% were achieved. [ 16,17 ] For ternary devices prepared with the SD method, a commonly adopted route is via introducing fullerene or NF guest molecules to form coacceptor domains.…”