High-Speed Power Training in Older Adults

Sayers, Stephen P.; Gibson, Kyle

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182a361b8

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In contrast to resistance training and endurance training, power training (resistance training at relatively high concentric velocity) is used to improve functional tasks of daily living and explosive movements (e.g., such as opening a pickle jar or quickly accelerating walking speed to avoid an oncoming car) (Bean et al 2009;Morgan et al 2015;Sayers and Gibson 2014). The formula for power is strength multiplied by velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel individualized power training protocol preserves physical function in adult and older mice

2019

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Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, contributes to frailty, functional decline, and reduced quality of life in older adults. Exercise is a recognized therapy for sarcopenia and muscle dysfunction, though not a cure. Muscle power declines at an increased rate compared to force, and force output declines earlier than mass. Thus, there is a need for research of exercise focusing on improving power output and functionality in older adults. Our primary purpose was proof-of-concept that a novel individualized power exercise modality would induce positive adaptations in adult mice, before the exercise program was applied to an aged cohort. We hypothesized that after following our protocol, both adult and older mice would show improved function, though there would be evidence of anabolic resistance in the older mice. Male C57BL/6 mice (12 months of age at study conclusion) were randomized into control (n = 9) and exercise (n = 6) groups. The trained group used progressive resistance (with a weighted harness) and intensity (~4-10 rpm) on a custom motorized running wheel. The mice trained similarly to a human workout regimen (4-5 sets/session, 3 sessions/week, for 12 weeks). We determined significant (p < 0.05) positive adaptations post-intervention, including: neuromuscular function (rotarod), strength/ endurance (inverted cling grip test), training physiology (force/power output per session), muscle size (soleus mass), and power/velocity of contraction (in vitro physiology). Secondly, we trained a cohort of older male mice (28 months old at conclusion): control (n = 12) and exercised (n = 8). While the older exercised mice did preserve function and gain benefits, they also demonstrated evidence of anabolic resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel individualized power training protocol preserves physical function in adult and older mice

2019

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“…Muscle power is also important to increase safety during certain functional tasks in frail populations (e.g., climbing stairs or stabilizing the body after losing balance) [19][20][21]. Hence, increasing the ability to produce power at lower or higher external resistances in the lower limbs is a key factor in everyday task performance [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance training interventions have shown efficacy in improving muscle power performance in the elderly and patients with MS [19][20][22][23]. It is believed that resistance training based on high velocity improves muscle power to a greater extent than high-load resistance training [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, using light-to-moderate external loads (30%-75% of 1 maximum repetition for lower-body exercises) [25][26][27] and performing movements at maximal velocity [25] increase muscle power to a greater extent than other exercise training interventions. There are plenty of studies describing the effects of highspeed resistance exercise on aging populations, and it is relatively well known that high-speed power training affects the velocity component of peak power production [20]. Thus, this training model has become an important therapeutic tool for improving lower-limb muscle performance and functional capacity in nondisabled elderly subjects [26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of high-speed power training on muscle strength and power in patients with multiple sclerosis

et al. 2016

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Abstract-This study examined the effects of a high-speed power training program in peak muscle power and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extensors in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Forty patients, 20 women (age 42.8 +/-10.3 yr) and 20 men (age 44.0 +/-8.7 yr) diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS were randomly assigned, with respect to sex, to either an exercise group or a control group. Participants from the exercise group performed 12 wk of supervised muscle power training of knee extensors. All subjects were tested for MVIC and peak muscle power at baseline and after the training intervention. A strain gauge was used to measure the MVIC, and peak muscle power was assessed with a linear encoder at five relative loads. The training-related effects were assessed using a t-test. The results showed no significant changes in the control group from baseline to postintervention evaluation. In contrast, the exercise group significantly increased MVIC (10.8%; p < 0.05) and muscle power at 40,50, 60, 70, and 80% of the MVIC by 21.8, 14.5, 17.3, 19.4,and 22.3%, respectively (p < 0.01), after the training. These findings suggest that 12 wk of high-speed power training improve both MVIC and muscle power at five different loads in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.

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“…Exercising at intensities greater than 85% 1RM is not recommended in older adults because these intensities promote Valsalva, which predisposes individuals to cardiac events. 60 If strength gains as well as power gains are desired, patents should train at higher intensities (60%-80% 1RM). 57 The lower the intensity, the greater the number of repetitions that may be performed.…”

Section: Exercise For Performance Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%