High-speed photography of compressed human trabecular bone correlates whitening to microscopic damage

Thurner, Philipp J.; Erickson, Blake; Jungmann, Ralf; Schriock, Zachary; Weaver, James C.; Fantner, Georg E.; Schitter, Georg; Morse, Daniel E.; Hansma, Paul K.

doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.05.024

Cited by 109 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The mineral external to the fibril can be either tightly bound to the surface of the MF 5 , which gives rise to a coated mineralized fibril, here referred to as CMF, or be a part of the extrafibrillar matrix, which we refer to as "EFM". The CMFs have been experimentally observed in bone, bridging cracks in 6 and on failure surfaces 7 , which suggests that it is important and relevant to calculate the stress concentration due to CMFs, . Figure S2.…”

Section: Stress Concentration From Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nanocomposite nature of bone drives its strength and damage resistance

2016

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Crystallization of ACP with timeTo probe the stability of the observed ACP in disordered phase with respect to the adjacent HA nanocrystals, we performed TEM analysis of the same region after a 30-day time lapse. During the 30 days, the TEM sample was stored at room temperature in a N2 environment. Figure S1a shows the initial arrangement of ACP (left) and HA nanocrystals (right), as well as the diffraction pattern inset showing the crystallinity of the HA. Figure S1b shows the same region after the 30 day incubation period; the HA nanocrystals on the right appear to have grown, confirmed by the increased (112), (211), (300) intensities in the diffraction pattern inset; we also observe the emergence of (002) reflections after one month, which further proves the formation of crystals. These results demonstrate suggest that biogenic ACP is a precursor for crystalline cHA formation in bone in the observed conditions, as similarly observed by Mahamid et al 1 . Figure S1. Time lapse micrographs of amorphous and nanocrystalline regions. Deprotonated mineral structure in disordered phase taken before (a) and after (b) a 30 day incubation at room temperature in a nitrogen environment. The electron diffraction pattern after the incubation (b, inset) shows an increase in crystallinity as evidenced by more intense HA reflections and the emergence of the (002) spots when compared to the initial diffraction pattern (a, inset). Size Dependent Model ConstructionWe propose that the yield strength, , decreases as the probability of having a flaw (i.e. a pore) on the pillar surface increases; that is, surface flaws serve as probabilistic stress concentrators, which initiate failure during compression. This is manifested most prevalently in the larger pillars, with diameters > 500nm. At these nano and micro length scales, it is reasonable to consider bone as a fiber-

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Section: Stress Concentration From Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nanocomposite nature of bone drives its strength and damage resistance

2016

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“…The apparent strain translates to a range of local strains in trabecular bone. [23] In addition, strongly deformed trabeculae exhibit the stress-whitening effect, which we previously quantified and correlated to microdamage. [22,23] This is also demonstrated in Figure 1B, where a region of interest (ROI) of the high-speed photograph acquired at 9% apparent strain (close to the failure strain of 8.4% of this sample) is compared to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the same ROI.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…In the case of trabecular bone, we also investigated the influence of NaF on microdamage accumulation during loading, using a real-time functional imaging approach: mechanical-compression testing in combination with high-speed photography. [22,23] Cortical bone was subjected to indentation tests both before and after NaF treatment.…”

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The Effect of NaF In Vitro on the Mechanical and Material Properties of Trabecular and Cortical Bone

Thurner¹,

Erickson²,

Turner³

et al. 2009

Advanced Materials

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High doses of sodium fluoride in bones lead to severe softening, by weakening interfacial properties between the inorganic minerals and the organic components, while leaving mineralization unchanged. This leads to reduction of microdamage and associated stress‐whitening pointing to a change in failure mode. Accordingly, elastic modulus, failure stress, and indentation‐distance increase are decreased, whereas failure strain is increased.

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“…Although internal changes in trabecular bone's microstructure with age influence bone toughness, trabecular bone's quantitative changes contribute most to the increased bone fracture risk with ageing [105]. For instance, reductions in the density and thickness of the struts in trabecular bone with age [106][107][108][109][110], especially in postmenopausal women, are major reasons for the severe reduction in the bone fracture resistance of the elderly [32,34,105,106,111].…”

Section: Bone Toughening Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of bone fracture and strength at different length scales: a review

Sabet¹,

Najafi²,

Hamed³

et al. 2016

Interface Focus.

109

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In this paper, we review analytical and computational models of bone fracture and strength. Bone fracture is a complex phenomenon due to the composite, inhomogeneous and hierarchical structure of bone. First, we briefly summarize the hierarchical structure of bone, spanning from the nanoscale, sub-microscale, microscale, mesoscale to the macroscale, and discuss experimental observations on failure mechanisms in bone at these scales. Then, we highlight representative analytical and computational models of bone fracture and strength at different length scales and discuss the main findings in the context of experiments. We conclude by summarizing the challenges in modelling of bone fracture and strength and list open topics for scientific exploration. Modelling of bone, accounting for different scales, provides new and needed insights into the fracture and strength of bone, which, in turn, can lead to improved diagnostic tools and treatments of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

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High-speed photography of compressed human trabecular bone correlates whitening to microscopic damage

Cited by 109 publications

References 29 publications

The nanocomposite nature of bone drives its strength and damage resistance

The nanocomposite nature of bone drives its strength and damage resistance

The Effect of NaF In Vitro on the Mechanical and Material Properties of Trabecular and Cortical Bone

Modelling of bone fracture and strength at different length scales: a review

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