High speed photographic study of plasma fluctuations and intact aerosol particles or droplets in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Space–time structure of gas flows and temperature fields in an inductively coupled plasma

“…5,6 The proposed model also makes it possible to correctly describe and provide a basis for the observed phenomena. The total discharge power in the modelling was 800 W. Figure 2 shows the calculated temperature distributions in the longitudinal section of the discharge at various instants.…”

“…5,6 Unlike the frequency spectrum of the emission signal, the frequency spectrum of the irradiance fluctuation of the schlieren image of the ICP is more informative, especially when the contribution of the gas-dynamic processes to the general instability of the plasma flare is analyzed. Figure 7 shows the frequency spectra of the fluctuation of the plasma-radiation intensity and the irradiance of its schlieren image in various sections of the flare.…”

“…The toroidal vortices in this zone are not expressed distinctly enough (they mainly appear in the form of thickenings on the plasma jet), and therefore the 120-Hz component on the frequency spectrum (curve 2) is represented by a small, strongly broadened line. As the observation point is displaced from the edge of the torch along the flow path of the plasma by a distance three times (1) and of the schlieren-image irradiance (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The spectra were recorded on the burner axis at a distance equal to a single radius (1, 2, 4, and 6) and three times the radius of the tube (3 and 5) from its edge along the path of the gas flow.…”

Fundamental studies of the plasma extraction and ion beam formation processes in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…The plasma fluctuations in ICP-MS can also be visualized effectively by using high-speed motion photography (83,84,85). Houk et al (83) used fulmost a framing rate of 3000 frames s"' while the plasma was sampled for MS. It was found that the axial channel expanded and contracted periodically at frequencies of 260-300 Hz, depending on operating conditions.…”

Simultaneous measurement of ion ratios by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry with a twin quadrupole instrument

“…Aqueous samples are nebulized with an ultrasonic nebulizer(24) and then desolvated. In our experience, this desolvation step removes the troublesome wet droplets from the aerosol stream(25)(26)(27)(28), although solid particles are undoiabtedly still present. The resulting aerosol is injected into a horizontal argon ICP.…”