“…The Information Representation (IR) kind of Transparent Query Language Item, TQLI, is ideal for representing and manipulating chemical formulas or any other static or pictorial data. 1,2,32 The three different kinds of formulas (with no rings, with single rings, and with multiple rings) are considered in turn in the following three subsections. A ring has a minimum of three entitiessi.e., atoms or moieties.…”