High-speed hybrid plasmonic electro-optical absorption modulator exploiting epsilon-near-zero effect in indium-tin-oxide

Abdelatty, Mohamed Y.; Badr, M. M.; Swillam, Mohamed A.

doi:10.1117/1.jnp.12.036011

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Optical multilayer structures are stacks of thin films composed of various materials, and the thickness dimensions of each thin film are close to the sub-wavelength range of light. These optical multilayer structures, possessing optical anisotropy along both the in-plane and out-of-plane (stacking direction) permittivities, usually archive unique and extraordinary optical properties serving specific applications such as optical filters , or electro-optical modulators , through controlling their optical absorption ranges. These artificially structured materials are further realized as hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), which show hyperbolic dispersion in the k-space and exhibit various novel optical properties when one of the permittivity tensors becomes negative in certain spectral ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Mode Analysis on Asymmetric ITO/Au/ITO Hyperbolic Metamaterials Using Prism-Coupled Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

Lam

Chan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater.

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Various trilayers (ITO-Au-ITO) of a constant total thickness of 43 nm, with different bottom and top ITO film thicknesses, have been prepared by magnetron sputtering. The effects of the relative position of the inserted gold layer on the trilayers' plasmonic properties have been systemically investigated. To study their optical reflectance changes caused by the surface plasmon resonance, total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE) has been employed. Two reflectance minima, corresponding to the pseudo-Brewster (PB) and bulk plasmon polariton (BPP), are observed from the reflectance spectra. The impacts of the light incident angles on the behaviors of these modes have been monitored. The measured reflectivity spectra match well with the simulated reflectivity spectra based on the Fresnel formalism. For the ITO t /Au/ITO b = 5/3/35 sample, where the Au layer is positioned closest to the sampling liquid, the BPP mode becomes the sharpest (based on the amplitude and half-width) as compared to other samples, indicating that the closer the ITO t /Au interface is to the sampling liquid, the stronger the observable plasmonic resonance effect is. Furthermore, it is found that the dip position of this BPP mode is independent of the angle of incidence but is sensitive to the refractive index of the sampling liquid. Our results show that the dip position shifts to a shorter wavelength with increasing refractive index of the sampling liquid. This means that the trilayer can act as a refractive index sensor. By linear regression, the obtained sensing accuracy is up to 552 nm/RIU. This facilitates the potential application of this trilayer structure as a surface plasmon-enhanced refractive index sensor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Mode Analysis on Asymmetric ITO/Au/ITO Hyperbolic Metamaterials Using Prism-Coupled Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

Lam

Chan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater.

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“…In addition, ITO has a slight change in carrier density and mobility in the on-chip operating temperature range, which support the modulator maintains a stable working performance [21]- [23]. Until now, a variety of ITO-based modulators have been proposed or demonstrated including hybrid modulators [24], [25] and silicon-based modulators [3], [26], [27]. Among the reported ITO-related researches, modulators featuring gigahertz-speed operation [3], ultracompact nanoscale footprint [27], and high modulation depth [28] have been verified experimentally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Study of Multi-Slot Designs in Epsilon-Near-Zero Waveguide-Based Electro-Optical Modulators

Sha

Xie

et al. 2021

IEEE Photonics J.

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We present a systematical comparative research on the modulation performance and the optimization of the multi-slot waveguide modulator at the telecom wavelength of 1.55 μm. It is found that the existence of epsilon-near-zero indium tin oxide slots in modulators can enhance the optical confinement, thus yielding a high extinction ratio (ER) and low insertion loss. Among the designed four types of slot modulators, the single-slot modulator exhibits the widest modulation bandwidth of 78.75 GHz and lowest energy consumption of 1.15 pJ/bit, while the dual-slot one shows the moderate performance. For the more-slot designs, the tri-slot has the advantages of a maximum figure of merit of ~ 106, and the quadri-slot one has the highest ER of 1.38 dB/μm. By integrating the multi-slot modulator on the silicon waveguide, the quadri-slot modulator waveguide exhibits broad optical bandwidth of 83 nm from 1479 to 1560 nm and large modulation depth (~ 18.3 dB). The performance of four types of slot modulators can be further improved from different aspects by the optimization of their geometric parameters. The results of this work could be useful in the design and selection of high performance on-chip modulators for optical communications and ultrafast data processing.

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“…However, high propagation losses of metals are considered a drawback to plasmonic-based optical devices. Recently, modulators that utilize transparent conducting oxide (TCO) materials [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] as the EO active layer have concerned a lot of research. Latterly, one of the most commonly used CMOS-compatible TCOs is indium tin oxide (ITO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carriers' accumulation rate is very fast so that the modulation speed is limited solely by the RC delay [36]. In the past few years, integrating ITO with silicon EO modulators has received a great attention because of its electrically-induced ENZ characteristics [30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon ring resonator electro-optical modulator utilizing epsilon-near-zero characteristics of indium tin oxide

2019

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One crucial component in optical communication systems is the optical modulator. It links between the electric and optical domains as it transforms the electric signal into an optical stream. Electro-optical modulation is a very popular scheme. Recently, indium tin oxide (ITO) has been intensively used in optical modulators due to its epsilon-near-zero characteristics. A silicon electro-optic ring resonator modulator is proposed in terms of the outspread application of ITO. An extinction ratio of about 14 dB as well as an insertion loss of 0.075 dB are achieved at a standard telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 microns. The design has low losses, high efficiency, and compact size.

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High-speed hybrid plasmonic electro-optical absorption modulator exploiting epsilon-near-zero effect in indium-tin-oxide

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Plasmonic Mode Analysis on Asymmetric ITO/Au/ITO Hyperbolic Metamaterials Using Prism-Coupled Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

Plasmonic Mode Analysis on Asymmetric ITO/Au/ITO Hyperbolic Metamaterials Using Prism-Coupled Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

Comparison Study of Multi-Slot Designs in Epsilon-Near-Zero Waveguide-Based Electro-Optical Modulators

Silicon ring resonator electro-optical modulator utilizing epsilon-near-zero characteristics of indium tin oxide

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