High-speed dynamic-clamp interface

Yang, Yang; Adowski, Timothy R.; Ramamurthy, Bina; Neef, Andreas; Xu‐Friedman, Matthew A.

doi:10.1152/jn.00543.2014

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…If a current is suspected of following power-law dynamics but cannot be isolated, then the conductance could be blocked and use our algorithms together with dynamic current clamp techniques [ 47 ] to recover the current with and without power-law properties and compare the results to control experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-Law Dynamics of Membrane Conductances Increase Spiking Diversity in a Hodgkin-Huxley Model

2016

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We studied the effects of non-Markovian power-law voltage dependent conductances on the generation of action potentials and spiking patterns in a Hodgkin-Huxley model. To implement slow-adapting power-law dynamics of the gating variables of the potassium, n, and sodium, m and h, conductances we used fractional derivatives of order η≤1. The fractional derivatives were used to solve the kinetic equations of each gate. We systematically classified the properties of each gate as a function of η. We then tested if the full model could generate action potentials with the different power-law behaving gates. Finally, we studied the patterns of action potential that emerged in each case. Our results show the model produces a wide range of action potential shapes and spiking patterns in response to constant current stimulation as a function of η. In comparison with the classical model, the action potential shapes for power-law behaving potassium conductance (n gate) showed a longer peak and shallow hyperpolarization; for power-law activation of the sodium conductance (m gate), the action potentials had a sharp rise time; and for power-law inactivation of the sodium conductance (h gate) the spikes had wider peak that for low values of η replicated pituitary- and cardiac-type action potentials. With all physiological parameters fixed a wide range of spiking patterns emerged as a function of the value of the constant input current and η, such as square wave bursting, mixed mode oscillations, and pseudo-plateau potentials. Our analyses show that the intrinsic memory trace of the fractional derivative provides a negative feedback mechanism between the voltage trace and the activity of the power-law behaving gate variable. As a consequence, power-law behaving conductances result in an increase in the number of spiking patterns a neuron can generate and, we propose, expand the computational capacity of the neuron.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-Law Dynamics of Membrane Conductances Increase Spiking Diversity in a Hodgkin-Huxley Model

2016

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“…; Yang et al . ). To simulate the synaptic current i syn ( t ) = g syn ( t )*[ E rev – V m ( t )] in real‐time, the slave computer ran a custom script in Igor Pro (WaveMetrics Inc.) that read two analogue‐to‐digital inputs (the g syn command from the rig computer and the V m voltage reading from the amplifier) and wrote one digital‐to‐analogue output (the i syn current command to the amplifier) of a PCI‐6229 board (National Instruments) at maximal non‐synchronized speed using an infinite loop.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synapse‐specific expression of calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors in neocortical layer 5

Lalanne

Oyrer

Mancino

et al. 2015

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points In the hippocampus, calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors have been found in a restricted subset of neuronal types that inhibit other neurons, although their localization in the neocortex is less well understood.In the present study, we looked for calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors in two distinct populations of neocortical inhibitory neurons: basket cells and Martinotti cells. We found them in the former but not in the latter. Furthermore, in basket cells, these receptors were associated with particularly fast responses.Computer modelling predicted (and experiments verified) that fast calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors enable basket cells to respond rapidly, such that they promptly inhibit neighbouring cells and shut down activity.The results obtained in the present study help our understanding of pathologies such as stroke and epilepsy that have been associated with disordered regulation of calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors. AbstractAMPA‐type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) lacking an edited GluA2 subunit are calcium‐permeable (CP) and contribute to synaptic plasticity in several hippocampal interneuron types, although their precise role in the neocortex is not well described. We explored the presence of CP‐AMPARs at pyramidal cell (PC) inputs to Martinotti cells (MCs) and basket cells (BCs) in layer 5 of the developing mouse visual cortex (postnatal days 12–21). GluA2 immunolabelling was stronger in MCs than in BCs. A differential presence of CP‐AMPARs at PC‐BC and PC‐MC synapses was confirmed electrophysiologically, based on measures of spermine‐dependent rectification and CP‐AMPAR blockade by 1‐naphtyl acetyl spermine using recordings from synaptically connected cell pairs, NPEC‐AMPA uncaging and miniature current recordings. In addition, CP‐AMPAR expression in BCs was correlated with rapidly decaying synaptic currents. Computer modelling predicted that this reduces spike latencies and sharpens suprathreshold responses in BCs, which we verified experimentally using the dynamic clamp technique. Thus, the synapse‐specific expression of CP‐AMPARs may critically influence both plasticity and information processing in neocortical microcircuits.

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“…The system not only meets these three requirements, but its performance is also comparable in accuracy and speed to those posted by the leading alternatives ( Destexhe and Bal, 2009 ; Prinz and Cudmore, 2011 ). It was able to simulate with an average error of only a few percentage points the same variety of conductances other systems have been used to simulate, and its single-conductance speed (90 kHz) was exceeded by only 3 of 24 published systems (pre-2012 systems reviewed by Lin [2012 ], Clausen et al [2013 ], and Yang et al [2015 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mammalian cortex, this means (much) faster than 10 kHz. A wide variety of implementations have been proposed since the earliest years, using technically sophisticated manipulations of hardware and software ( Dorval et al, 2001 ; Pinto et al, 2001 ; Kullmann et al, 2004 ; Raikov et al, 2004 ; Desai and Walcott, 2006 ; Nowotny et al, 2006 ; Olypher et al, 2006 ; Milescu et al, 2008 ; Kemenes et al, 2011 ; Clausen et al, 2013 ; Ortega et al, 2014 ; Biró and Giugliano, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2015 ). These efforts have been useful and have had a broad impact, but they have not established dynamic clamp as a part of the standard repertoire of contemporary cellular electrophysiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Clamp on Every Rig

Desai

Gray

Johnston

2017

eNeuro

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The dynamic clamp should be a standard part of every cellular electrophysiologist’s toolbox. That it is not, even 25 years after its introduction, comes down to three issues: money, the disruption that adding dynamic clamp to an existing electrophysiology rig entails, and the technical prowess required of experimenters. These have been valid and limiting issues in the past, but no longer. Technological advances associated with the so-called maker movement render them moot. We demonstrate this by implementing a fast (∼100 kHz) dynamic clamp system using an inexpensive microcontroller (Teensy 3.6). The overall cost of the system is less than USD$100, and assembling it requires no prior electronics experience. Modifying it—for example, to add Hodgkin–Huxley-style conductances—requires no prior programming experience. The system works together with existing electrophysiology data acquisition systems (for Macintosh, Windows, and Linux); it does not attempt to supplant them. Moreover, the process of assembling, modifying, and using the system constitutes a useful pedagogical exercise for students and researchers with no background but an interest in electronics and programming. We demonstrate the system’s utility by implementing conductances as fast as a transient sodium conductance and as complex as the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck conductances of the “point conductance” model of synaptic background activity.

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High-speed dynamic-clamp interface

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Power-Law Dynamics of Membrane Conductances Increase Spiking Diversity in a Hodgkin-Huxley Model

Power-Law Dynamics of Membrane Conductances Increase Spiking Diversity in a Hodgkin-Huxley Model

Synapse‐specific expression of calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors in neocortical layer 5

A Dynamic Clamp on Every Rig

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