High-speed collision

Pulsed Loading of Objects during Intense Expansion of Products of Explosion of Solid Explosives (Review)

“…This value agrees with the above-mentioned dependence [35]. Moreover, it does not contradict the dependence [24] of the crater depth on the impact velocity of a steel sphere on a semiinfinite Duralumin plate (with interpolation to the indicated value of U 0 ). According to [24], the critical target thickness at which the influence of the free surface on the penetration character becomes significant is determined by the kinetic energy of the impactor; for the im- pact of a steel sphere with a velocity of 1.3 km/sec on a Duralumin target, the critical thickness is δ 0 ∼ = 1.15d 0 , i.e., smaller than the plate thickness h ∼ = 3d 0 in the experiment performed.…”

“…This fact supplements the commonly known concepts [2,24,25,28,29] on highvelocity interaction of solids. Identification of the mechanism of target-material softening due to a multiple impact requires further investigations.…”

“…According to [24], the critical target thickness at which the influence of the free surface on the penetration character becomes significant is determined by the kinetic energy of the impactor; for the im- pact of a steel sphere with a velocity of 1.3 km/sec on a Duralumin target, the critical thickness is δ 0 ∼ = 1.15d 0 , i.e., smaller than the plate thickness h ∼ = 3d 0 in the experiment performed. The upper estimate [24] of the critical thickness δ 0 ∼ = 1.5z for the case with an insignificant role of spalling in penetration yields the value δ 0 ∼ = 3.3d 0 , i.e., approximately coincides with the plate thickness used in the experiment. Therefore, in the case of a single impact with the indicated parameters, the Fig.…”

“…The results of these studies are analyzed and summarized in [2,[23][24][25]. Most problems deal with a single action of an impactor with an initial mass m 0 ≈ 1-10 g and an initial impact velocity U 0 ≈ 1-10 km/sec on various materials.…”

On a high-velocity annular impactor

“…It is well known (see, e.g., [1][2][3]) that a highvelocity impact of an impactor (projectile) on a finitethickness metal target results in formation of a crater on the frontal surface of the target and in spalling of the target material on the backward side of the target. The continuity of the target material in the region of its interaction with the impactor is violated.…”