With the increasing complexity of scenarios, there is a growing need for broadband photodetectors. In this work, we report a polycrystalline-Si (poly-Si)/amorphous-Si (a-Si)/4H-SiC p-n heterojunction photodetector with efficient response in a broad spectral range of ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR). The poly-Si/a-Si/4H-SiC heterojunction was achieved by magnetron sputtering and annealing. The fabricated heterojunction device has a low dark current of 1 pA at -40 V and a fast response time of 3 ns due to the outstanding rectification characteristics of the heterojunction combined with narrow bandgap and wide bandgap material. In addition, the carrier behaviour of the heterojunction exposed to boardband light is analyzed in detail by constructing the energy band diagram.