High specificity of a rare terrestrial orchid toward a rare fungus within the North American tallgrass prairie

Kaur, Jaspreet; Andrews, Lela V.; Sharma, Jyotsna

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2019.09.010

Cited by 20 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Within the Portofino Park, higher read numbers for the dominant symbiont (T. helicospora) were found in soil samples collected underneath O. patens roots than in samples collected at sites lacking adult plants of the same orchid. Although not statistically supported, this observation parallels the results of Kaur and co-authors [31], who found that the six Platanthera praeclara-specific OM fungal OTUs were nearly absent in bulk soil at locations unoccupied by the orchids but exhibited higher relative abundances in soil at orchid-occupied locations. These findings are also consistent with assessments of spatial variation in fungal abundance in soil using quantitative PCR (qPCR), which have indicated that OM fungal abundance declines rapidly with distance from the adult host plants [16,64].…”

Section: Distribution Of Tulasnella Helicospora In Soilsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Although putative OM fungi are rarely reported from soil in metabarcoding studies making use of generic fungal primers [57][58][59][60], when primers targeted to orchid-associated basidiomycetes [35] are used, these fungi are better represented [61]. OM fungi exhibit a highly patchy distribution in soil [15,16,31]. In our study, approximately 46% of fungi retrieved from Orchis patens roots (including T. helicospora) were also retrieved from soil samples collected in the Portofino Park (Liguria, Italy), including samples collected in areas where this orchid species has not been detected since 2014.…”

Section: Distribution Of Tulasnella Helicospora In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly restricted orchid species, such as Platanthera (Piperia) yadonii and Liparis loeselli, may also adopt a generalist or opportunistic approach in selecting a wide array of OM fungi [9,30]. By contrast, the rarity of the fungal symbiont(s) may constrain the distribution of the orchids featuring extreme specificity in their mycorrhizal partnerships, as recently shown for Platanthera praeclara [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the Distribution of Two Rare Orchis Sister Species Limited by Their Main Mycobiont?

2020

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As orchids rely on their mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient supply, their spatial range is dependent on the distribution of orchid mycorrhizal (OM) fungi. We addressed possible correlations between mycorrhizal specificity and the geographic distribution of orchids and OM fungi in three populations of the rare sister species Orchis patens and O. canariensis. Metabarcoding of the fungal ITS2 region indicated that, although adult plants of either species were colonized by several ceratobasidioid, tulasnelloid, sebacinoid and serendipitoid fungi, the mycobiont spectra were dominated by Tulasnella helicospora (which occurred in 100% of examined plants with high read numbers), which is a globally distributed fungus. In vitro assays with a T. helicospora isolate obtained from O. patens indicated the effectiveness of this OM fungus at germinating seeds of its native host. At a local scale, higher read numbers for T. helicospora were found in soil samples collected underneath O. patens roots than at locations unoccupied by the orchid. Although these findings suggest that the geographical pattern of the main fungal symbiont does not limit the distribution of O. patens and O. canariensis at this scale, the actual causal link between orchid and OM fungal occurrence/abundance still needs to be better understood.

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Section: Distribution Of Tulasnella Helicospora In Soilsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Distribution Of Tulasnella Helicospora In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the Distribution of Two Rare Orchis Sister Species Limited by Their Main Mycobiont?

2020

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“…They can also be used with DNA sequencing to identify fungi without destructive sampling of adult plants. DNA-based methods also can be used to detect mycorrhizal fungi in soils directly, but results can be challenging to interpret (Bougoure et al 2008, Egidi et al 2018, Kaur et al 2019. All of these methods have found orchid fungi to be more widespread than associated orchids.…”

Section: Seed Baiting To Locate Compatible Fungi and Suitable Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed Framework for Efficient and Cost-Effective Terrestrial Orchid Conservation

Brundrett¹

2020

Preprint

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This paper presents a comprehensive and adaptive framework for orchid conservation programs illustrated with data from published and unpublished case studies. There is a specific focus on West Australian terrestrial orchids, but many of the approaches have universal relevance. Aspects of the framework include (1) setting appropriate objectives, (2) establishing effective collaborations between scientists, volunteers and regulators to fill knowledge and funding gaps, (3) use of survey and demographics data to determine extinction risks and management requirements for species, (4) effective habitat management to overcome threats such as grazing, (5) finding potential new habitats by modelling climate and site data, (6) investigating the effectiveness of pollinators and (7) using seed baiting to detect mycorrhizal fungi. The relative cost and effectiveness of different methods used to propagate orchids for translocation are compared. Methods known to be successful, in order of complexity, include placement of seed in situ, vegetative propagation, symbiotic germination in non-sterile organic matter, symbiotic germination in sterile culture, asymbiotic sterile germination and clonal division in tissue culture. These form a continuum of complexity, cost, time required, faculties needed, as well as the capacity to maintain genetic diversity and produce seedlings preadapted to survive in situ. They all start with seed collection and lead to seed storage, living collections used as tuber banks and seed orchards, as well as translocation for conservation. They could also lead to commercial availability and sustainable ecotourism, both of which are needed to reduce pressure on wild plants. Overall, there has been a strong preference to use relatively complex, expensive and time-consuming methods for orchid conservation, despite evidence that simpler approaches have also been successful. These simpler methods, which include in situ seed placement and non-sterile germination on inorganic substrates, should be trialled in combination with more complex orchid propagation methods as part of an adaptive management framework. It is essential that orchid conservation projects harness the unique biological features of orchids, such as abundant seed production and mycorrhizal fungi which are far more widespread than their hosts. This is necessary to increase the efficiency and coverage of recovery actions for the largest and most threatened plant family.Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 26 April 2020

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“…High throughput sequencing (HTS) studies of fungal communities in plant roots are generally targeting mycorrhizal fungi (Buee et al ., 2009; Tedersoo et al ., 2010; Bahram et al ., 2011; Blaalid et al ., 2014; Vasar et al ., 2017; Kaur et al ., 2019), and the workflow requires the annotation of tens of thousands of OTUs/clusters of fungi into ecological guilds. Most studies tend to favour more conservative taxonomic ecological generalisations based at the genus level, which is traditionally considered the most relevant level for separating fungal taxa by nutritional mode (Fries and Mueller, 1984; Molina and Trappe, 1994; den Bakker et al ., 2004; Tedersoo and Smith, 2013; Garnica et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycenaspecies can be opportunist-generalist plant root invaders

Hesling

et al. 2021

Preprint

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SummaryRecently, several saprotrophic genera have been found to invade/interact with plant roots in laboratory growth experiments, and this coincides with reports of abundant saprotrophic fungal sequences in plant roots. However, it is uncertain if this reflects field phenomena, and if reports on coincidentally amplified saprotrophs are simply coincidental.We investigated root invasion by presumed saprotrophic fungi by focusing on the large genus Mycena in 1) a systematic analysis of the occurrence of saprotrophic fungi in new and previously published ITS1/ITS2 datasets generated from roots of 10 mycorrhizal plant species, and 2) we analysed natural abundances of 13C/15N stable isotope signatures of fungal/plant communities from five comparable field locations to examine the trophic status of Mycena species.Mycena was the only saprotrophic genus consistently found in 9 of 10 plant host roots, with high within-host variation in Mycena sequence proportions (0-80%) recovered. Mycena carpophores displayed isotopic signatures consistent with published 13C/15N profiles of both saprotrophic or mutualistic lifestyles, with considerable intraspecific variation, resembling the patterns seen in growth experiments. These results indicate that multiple Mycena species opportunistically invade the roots of a range of plant species, possibly forming a spectrum of interactions. This potentially challenges our general understanding of fungal ecology.Originality significance statementThis is the first study to apply a dual approach of systematic metabarcoding of plant roots and stable isotope signatures on dried field material to the large and common saprotrophic fungal genus Mycena. This is significant as it shows that members of this genus, normally not expected to be found inside plant roots at all, are in fact associated eith multiple plant hosts. The study furthermore shows that species in this genus may occupy different ecological roles in the field besides being saprotrophic. That a large and common fungal genus known to be a quantitatively important litter decayer can be an opportunistic root invader and interact with host plants is of interest to all mycologists and ecologists working on plant-fungus/microb symbiosis.

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High specificity of a rare terrestrial orchid toward a rare fungus within the North American tallgrass prairie

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Is the Distribution of Two Rare Orchis Sister Species Limited by Their Main Mycobiont?

Is the Distribution of Two Rare Orchis Sister Species Limited by Their Main Mycobiont?

A Proposed Framework for Efficient and Cost-Effective Terrestrial Orchid Conservation

Mycenaspecies can be opportunist-generalist plant root invaders

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