High specific immune response to a bivalent anti-HPV vaccine in HIV-1-infected men in São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

IntroductionInfection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported as one of the most prevalent agent sexually transmitted diseases, but its true prevalence in men is not precisely known, mainly due to the near absence of symptoms. Moreover, few studies evaluating the post-vaccination immune response have been performed to date in men, hence the hypotheses tested in this study can be important to enable a better understanding of both the immunopathogenesis and the response to vaccination in HIV-infected patients, and to help in the elaboration of strategies of vaccination against HPV in the HIV-infected population.ObjectivesTo analyze the specific response to antigens of HPV vaccine in HIV-infected men.MethodsA total of 25 HIV-infected male patients who met the inclusion criteria during the data collection period were vaccinated; however, six (30%) had anti-HPV at baseline, and were not considered further in the analysis. Therefore, 19 HIV-infected individuals were included in the study, along with five healthy, HPV-seronegative controls.ResultsPatients infected with HIV-1 were subdivided into two groups, A and B, according to their T CD4 cells count at the time of vaccination, namely: Group A: CD4>500; Group B: CD4<500. The proportion of seroconversion after immunization with three doses of a bivalent anti-HPV vaccine was 92%.ConclusionHIV-infected patients as well as HIV negative controls responded to anti-HPV vaccination, regardless of their T CD4 cells count and HIV plasma viral load. These results demonstrate that anti-HPV immunization in HIV-infected males is effective and should be encouraged, thus helping to decrease the risk of infection, mortality and morbidity of diseases associated with HPV in men.

Multidisciplinary, evidence-based consensus guidelines for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in high-risk populations, Spain, 2016

“…Nine papers of HPV vaccination in HIV population were selected [35-43]. Available data on the immunogenicity and safety of HPV vaccines in people with HIV infection support its use for the prevention of HPV-related cancers and genital warts; however, there are limited data on the efficacy of the vaccine (Supplementary material Table S1).…”

Safety and efficacy of human papillomavirus vaccination for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Then we used the systematic literature search strategy, and 1369 potential relevant studies were identified. After duplication checking, title and abstract screening and full-text review, 24 full-text studies 20–43 were included in the final analysis (see Figure 1), involving 11 RCTs, 12 non-RCTs and 1 cohort study, among which, 9 studies reached high quality. The main characteristics of the 24 studies were described in Table 1.…”

Modeling the Mechanisms by Which HIV-Associated Immunosuppression Influences HPV Persistence at the Oral Mucosa

“…Both vaccines are known to be 98–100% effective against HPV types 16 and 18 [19]. Recent studies demonstrated the efficacy of the anti-HPV vaccine Cervarix in HIV-infected-oral-HPV-negative patients where more than 90% of patients produced high antibody titers against HPV [20]. However, more data is needed to address cross-reactivity between the induced antibody and other HPV strains [21].…”