High species turnover and unique plant–pollinator interactions make a hyperdiverse mountain

Minachilis, Konstantinos; Kantsa, Aphrodite; Devalez, Jelle; Vujić, Ante; Pauly, Alain; Petanidou, Theodora

doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13898

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Our analysis revealed that the primary driver of beta diversity of interactions was interaction turnover resulting from species turnover ( β ST ), rather than interaction rewiring ( β RW ). This finding is consistent with previous studies conducted on Mount Olympus in Greece (Minachilis et al, 2023) and other spatial gradients (Carstensen et al, 2014; Trojelsgaard et al, 2015), which have shown that changes in plant composition and flower abundance, rather than changes in floral visitor composition, primarily influence the turnover of species interactions due to species turnover ( β ST ). However, our study revealed that the turnover of interactions can be explained by the turnover of both floral visitors and plants, driven by temperature dissimilarity across different elevations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Temperature dissimilarity drives flower–visitor interaction turnover across elevation in the Mexican Transition Zone

Luna

Villalobos

Escobar

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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AimMost biodiversity studies have considered species to be isolated entities, neglecting the fact that their biotic interactions and spatial variation are fundamental to their persistence across elevational gradients. Here, using a standardized sampling methodology, we evaluated how and why the composition of flower–visitor interactions (i.e. beta diversity) varies over an extensive elevational gradient. Specifically, we aimed to identify which biotic (species turnover) and abiotic factors (temperature, precipitation and primary productivity) inherent to elevational gradients can explain the distribution of floral visitor–plant interactions.LocationMexican Transition Zone.TaxonAngiosperms, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera.MethodsWe sampled ecological interactions between floral visitors and flowering plants at 10 sites along an elevational gradient from 4 to 3425 m.a.s.l. We measured the additive partitioning of the beta diversity of species interactions and used generalized dissimilarity modelling to assess how spatial and environmental factors can explain the observed dissimilarity.ResultsWe found that the composition of interactions between floral visitors and plant species differs from lowlands to highlands mainly due to differences in temperature across the studied elevation gradient, rather than geographical distance or other environmental factors (i.e. mean annual precipitation and net primary productivity). We also observed that the main component of the beta diversity of interactions was interaction turnover driven by the turnover of both plants and floral visitors along the elevation gradient studied, which may be influenced by both temperature and the biogeographical affinity of biotas.Main ConclusionsWe conclude that environmental filters play a crucial role in the establishment of novel interactions, as temperature can filter species and impact the behaviour and traits of floral visitors and plants across an elevational gradient. These findings underscore the importance of considering the role of abiotic factors in predicting and explaining the distribution of species interactions across different elevational gradients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Temperature dissimilarity drives flower–visitor interaction turnover across elevation in the Mexican Transition Zone

Luna

Villalobos

Escobar

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Spatio‐temporal interaction β‐diversity is largely driven by species turnover. The high contribution of species turnover to spatial interaction β‐diversity is comparable to trends observed in other systems (Simanonok and Burkle 2014, Trøjelsgaard et al 2015, Minachilis et al 2023, Luna et al 2023) and suggests that rewiring of plant–pollinator interactions is not very common across space, possibly due to spatial abiotic gradients (Simanonok and Burkle 2014, Trøjelsgaard et al 2015) or dispersal boundaries (Trøjelsgaard et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Plant-pollinator interactions in xeric longleaf pine savannas are highly variable across space and time, similar to other plant-pollinator systems (Simanonok and Burkle 2014, Trøjelsgaard et al 2015, CaraDonna et al 2017, Souza et al 2021, Luna et al 2023, Minachilis et al 2023). Spatiotemporal interaction β-diversity is largely driven by species turnover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Plant‐mediated effects of fire and fragmentation drive plant–pollinator interaction β‐diversity in fire‐dependent pine savannas

Moreno‐García,

Freeman,

Campbell

et al. 2023

Oikos

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Interaction β‐diversity is a measure essential for understanding and conserving species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Interaction β‐diversity explains the variation in species interactions across spatial and temporal gradients, resulting from species turnover or interaction rewiring. Each component of interaction β‐diversity has different ecological implications and practical consequences. While interaction β‐diversity due to species turnover is related to assembly processes and fragmentation, rewiring can support high biodiversity and confer resilience to ecological networks. However, it is unclear whether both components respond to the same or different ecological drivers. Here, we assessed the ecological drivers of plant–pollinator interaction β‐diversity and its components across 24 sites in 9 longleaf pine (LLP) savannas in north and central Florida. We evaluated the effects of flowering plant composition and flower abundance, vegetation, fire regime, soil moisture, terrain characteristics, climate, spatial context and geographic location. We used path analysis to evaluate the drivers of spatial interaction β‐diversity and its main components. We then used generalized linear mixed models to assess the temporal patterns of spatial β‐diversity among sites within preserves. We found that plant–pollinator networks in LLP savannas are highly variable across space and time, mainly due to species turnover and possibly in response to abiotic gradients and dispersal boundaries. Flower abundance and flowering plant composition, geographic location, fire seasonality, soil moisture, and landscape context were the main drivers of plant–pollinator β‐diversity, highlighting the role of fire management and habitat connectivity in preserving plant–pollinator networks.

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“…For instance, the disparate coevolution of species between islands may explain the observed high relevance of species turnover to structure at regional scale, as opposed to interaction rewiring. Similarly, recent studies also showed that high degree of endemism triggers turnover of species across space and elevation gradients [45,46]. In addition, the large distance between the closest islands (52 km) and the low dispersal ability of plants and insects suggest that dispersal limitation does not play a major role in species turnover between islands in the Canary region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Local and regional processes drive distance decay in structure in a spatial multilayer plant-pollinator network

Vitali,

Goldstein,

Markfeld

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Understanding spatial variation in species distribution and community structure is at the core of biogeography and community ecology. Nevertheless, the effect of distance on metacommunity structure remains little studied. We use plant-pollinator network data from the Canary Islands to examine how plant-pollinator community structure changes across geographical distances at a regional scale and disentangle its underlying local and regional processes. We represent plant-pollinator communities as a metacommunity using a multilayer network. We quantified multilayer modularity to test for distance decay in structure across space. In multilayer modularity, the same species can belong to different modules in different layers, and modules can span layers. This enabled quantifying how similarity in module composition varied with distance between locations. We developed four null models, each controlling for a separate component of the multilayer network, to disentangle the role of species turnover, interaction rewiring, and local factors in driving distance decay in module similarity. We found a pattern of distance decay in structure, indicating that locations tended to share fewer modules with increasing distance. Species turnover (but not interaction rewiring) was the primary regional process triggering distance decay in structure. Local factors also played an essential role in determining the structure similarity of communities at a regional scale. These local differences could, in turn, influence regional processes occurring between locations. Finally, the extent to which species shared partners across locations did not affect distance decay in structure. Our work highlights the interplay between local and regional processes underlying biogeographic patterns. Our methodology provides a general framework for linking communities in space and testing different hypotheses regarding the factors generating spatial structure.

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High species turnover and unique plant–pollinator interactions make a hyperdiverse mountain

Cited by 6 publications

References 96 publications

Temperature dissimilarity drives flower–visitor interaction turnover across elevation in the Mexican Transition Zone

Temperature dissimilarity drives flower–visitor interaction turnover across elevation in the Mexican Transition Zone

Plant‐mediated effects of fire and fragmentation drive plant–pollinator interaction β‐diversity in fire‐dependent pine savannas

Local and regional processes drive distance decay in structure in a spatial multilayer plant-pollinator network

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