High sorption of phenanthrene in agricultural soils

Abstract

We studied the sorption and desorption of 14 C-labelled phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, on soils, both in the laboratory using batch experiments and during 6 months of natural conditions using lysimeters. The laboratory results show that phenanthrene is strongly adsorbed, yielding empirical constants of sorption isotherms K f of 163 for the clay soil and of 77 for the sandy loam soil. This result is unexpected because phenanthrene has a relatively high water solubility of 1.1 mg/L. Phenanthrene is also poorly desorbed, as shown by leaching of only 30% of initially sorbed phenanthrene. The natural condition results show that 27% of the initial phenanthrene occurs as nonavailable, bound residues after 6 months. The leaching of 14 C phenanthrene derivatives amounts to less than 2% of the applied phenanthrene. The 14 C phenanthrene derivatives leached included 80% of polar products. Analysis of the extractable residues from soils by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed the occurrence of 9,10-phenanthrenedione, a toxic degradation product, in notable quantities of 2-3% of extractable compounds.

Phenanthrene toxicity and dissipation in rhizosphere of grassland plants (Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium pratense L.) in three spiked soils

“…Amellal et al (2006) confirmed that phenanthrene was strongly adsorbed in clay soil rather than sandy-loam soil (constant of sorption isotherm was two times higher in the clay soil). Moreover, this study outlined the importance of using plants in clay soils.…”

“…Asterisk indicates significant difference between polluted and non-polluted soil treatments for each kind of soil (Chisquare, P < 0.05) Asterisk indicates significant difference between polluted and non-polluted soil treatments for each kind of soil (Chisquare, P < 0.05) process (Sheng and Gong 2006;Amellal et al 2006). Time was required to restore micro-organism populations from the initial dry soils.…”

A Density Functional Theory Study of the Adsorption of Benzene on Hematite (α-Fe2O3) Surfaces

“…There also exists a large literature on sorption studies conducted with natural minerals and other geosorbents, like sediments or soils, with varying organic matter content [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101]. For example, the interaction between the (110) goethite surface and acetic acid, acetate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate and benzene have been studied by means of quantum mechanical calculations using the B3LYP approach [88], whereas the interaction of esters and acids with iron oxide surfaces has also been reported [47,89].…”

Predictivity Strength of the Spatial Variability of Phenanthrene Sorption Across Two Sandy Loam Fields

“…The negative correlation of K OC with OC and NCOC at Estrup suggests that the capacity of organic matter to sorb phenanthrene decreases at higher OC contents. This decreasing efficiency can be related to the SOM quality and the amount of OC that can be readily retained (Amellal et al 2006). The hydric regime, microbial activity and other factors can change the degradation rates, affecting the composition of the SOM (e.g., Styrishave et al 2012).…”