High solid content latexes

Guyot, Alain; Chu, Fuxiang; Schneider, Martin; Graillat, C.; McKenna, Timothy F. L.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(02)00014-x

Cited by 113 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Not only does this make applications more efficient, it also reduces energy load needed in some cases. [1][2][3][4][5] However, in most of the previous researches, the solid content of aqueous polyurethane only ranges from 20 to 35%. It is difficult in making APU with high solid content much above 50 or 60% as the viscosity is highly sensitive to solid content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of high solid content aqueous polyurethane dispersion

Qing-an

Sun

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Aqueous polyurethane (APU) dispersions having a solid content of 50% were synthesized using dimethyol propionic acid (DMPA) as the stabilizing moiety. The principal diols used were poly-1,4-butylene adipate glycol (PBA). The diisocyanates used in this study were a 30:70 blend of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). All these samples were neutralized using triethylamine (TEA) and chainextended using ethylene diamine (EDA). The effects of the COOH content, NCO/OH molar ratio, and molecular weight (M n ) of PBA on the properties of APU dispersion and its cast film were studied. Dynamic light scattering results revealed that these high solid content dispersions shown broad particle size distributions as well as bimodal. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) results showed that as the hard segment content increased, the melting point (T m ) of the APU cast film increased, but the glass transition temperature (T g ) did not show significant alteration, when a PBA lower than 1000 M n was used, the APU exhibited faint soft-segment crystallization and tended to form amorphous polymer. Tensile and T-peel strength tests attained excellent mechanical properties, such as a maximum Young's modulus of 166 MPa and the elongation at break reached to 2000%. T-peel strength test (PVC/PVC) yielded a maximum peel strength value of 8.8 N/mm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of high solid content aqueous polyurethane dispersion

Qing-an

Sun

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…A similar ratio gave the lowest water absorption and a decrease in minimum film-formation temperature (MFT). 7 Polymodal distribution has been studied in depth [8][9][10] and especially bimodal PSDs have been the focus of research by many groups. 7,11 While blending of dispersions 12 with a different particle size is the most common route to obtain the bimodality in particles size, in situ preparation has some intrinsic advantages, like a higher solids content, cutting out the blending step, and the ability to make complex systems without the necessity of using multiple reactors.…”

Section: Heterogeneity In Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer heterogeneity in waterborne coatings

Overbeek

2009

J Coat Technol Res

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An overview is presented of the progress in understanding polymer heterogeneity over the last 20 years and how this has contributed to the improvement of coatings. Solvent-based polymers are homogeneous in nature, since all polymeric materials tend to be dissolved in the same solvent mixture. This is different for most waterborne polymers, which tend to be present in a compartmentalized way. Most polymeric materials are present in particles, which are separated by the continuous aqueous phase. This gives excellent opportunities to create particle morphologies that form the basis for the film morphology after drying of the coating. This article gives an overview of the various types of heterogeneity which are accessible in waterborne polymers and will show how heterogeneity in the polymer can contribute to the solution of several persistent problems of the coating industry.

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“…Most industrial polymer latex formulations contain between 40 to 55 vol.-% solids, the remainder being dissolved species and water. There is ongoing commercial interest in developing high-solid-content (HSC) latexes that contain as much as 75 vol.-% solids; this push toward higher solid contents is motivated by potential cost savings on the production side and improvements in the quality of the end-use product [2]. However, formulation of these dispersions typically requires a well-defined particle size distribution (PSD) in order to maintain both colloidal stability and an acceptable product viscosity [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Careful attention must be paid to any changes in process-critical time and length scales that may arise from changes in process scale. A survey of the academic literature reveals that HSC polymer latexes are typically produced by growing a primary population of seed particles while simultaneously creating a secondary population of smaller particles via homogeneous nucleation [2]. Control over the PSD is achieved by adjusting the feed rates and ratios of monomer, initiator, and surfactant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Computational Framework to Model the Scale‐up of High‐Solid‐Content Polymer Latex Reactors

Pohn

Heniche²,

Fradette³

et al. 2010

Chem Eng & Technol

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A computational framework, consisting of a laminar computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model coupled to a multizonal population balance, is developed to assist in the scale-up of high-solid-content (HSC) latex production and processing. Poly3D CFD software is used to generate flow fields inside a series of reactors; this information is then sent to the process model to assess the impact of nonhomogeneous mixing on the evolution of the latex particle size distribution (PSD) when concentrated latex suspension is altered via the addition of a coagulant. As the general shape of the PSD evolves, the model monitors changes in the rheological parameters in each zone of the reactor; the flow field is recomputed if a significant change in any of the properties is detected. The details of the framework are presented and its utility is demonstrated. Preliminary results indicate that nonhomogeneity inside the reactor will have an effect on the final latex PSD obtained.

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High solid content latexes

Cited by 113 publications

References 44 publications

Synthesis and characterization of high solid content aqueous polyurethane dispersion

Synthesis and characterization of high solid content aqueous polyurethane dispersion

Polymer heterogeneity in waterborne coatings

Development of a Computational Framework to Model the Scale‐up of High‐Solid‐Content Polymer Latex Reactors

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