High-shear granulation modeling using a discrete element simulation approach

Gantt, Justin A.; Gatzke, Edward P.

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2005.04.012

Cited by 66 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In extrusion processes, this method can be employed to compute different material properties, such as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or excipient component concentration [118], the RTD [119], the particle size distribution, the liquid content and the porosity [120,121]. DEM is based on a different approach where each particle is considered as an individual entity [122][123][124][125][126][127]. Two classes can be defined: hard-sphere methods where particles are considered rigid and collisions are instantaneous and binary (note that this method is not valid in twin screw modeling) and soft-sphere methods where interactions upon collisions and lasting contact between the particles and the equipments (screws, barrel) are considered.…”

Section: Population Balance Modeling and Discrete Element Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Dynamic Models of Hot-Melt Extrusion

2016

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Hot-melt extrusion is commonly applied for forming products, ranging from metals to plastics, rubber and clay composites. It is also increasingly used for the production of pharmaceuticals, such as granules, pellets and tablets. In this context, mathematical modeling plays an important role to determine the best process operating conditions, but also to possibly develop software sensors or controllers. The early models were essentially black-box and relied on the measurement of the residence time distribution. Current models involve mass, energy and momentum balances and consists of (partial) differential equations. This paper presents a literature review of a range of existing models. A common case study is considered to illustrate the predictive capability of the main candidate models, programmed in a simulation environment (e.g., MATLAB). Finally, a comprehensive distributed parameter model capturing the main phenomena is proposed.

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Section: Population Balance Modeling and Discrete Element Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Dynamic Models of Hot-Melt Extrusion

2016

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“…Gantt and Gatzke [86] first used DEM simulations to model changes in particle size distributions using mechanistic criteria for aggregation, using the approach of Goldschmidt et al [85] to replace coalescing particles with a larger particle during the simulation.…”

Section: Wet Granulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete Element Modeling of Solid Dosage Manufacturing Processes

Barrasso

Ramachandran

2016

Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Solid dosage manufacturing primarily involves powder process operations, such as mixing, granulation, and compaction. A model-based approach can be used to develop a better scientific understanding of these processes and implement Quality by Design. These models must predict the critical quality attributes of the product based on process parameters, equipment geometry, and material properties. Discrete element modeling (DEM) is often used to capture mechanistic, particle-scale information, such as velocity and force profiles. In this chapter, recent literature studies that use the DEM to model solid dosage manufacturing processes will be presented and discussed.

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“…ing PBM, the DEM approach bridges the gap between micro-and meso-scales [78][79][80][81][82]. There are two main 20 classes of discrete element methods which have been used in granulation modelling: hard-sphere methods…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These approaches have been applied and reviewed by several researchers [79,[82][83][84][85], and a wide variety of Developed by Cundall and Strack [86], soft-sphere DEM has been preferably used in granulation mod- …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can be used to calculate many particle-scale quantities of interest such as local concentrations and particle 14 phase stresses, as well as to examine particle-level phenomena such as segregation or aggregation, as the 15 location of the particles along with the velocity field is known throughout the simulation [79,81]. However, 16 this all comes at a high computational cost, which is due to the small integration time-step used in DEM, model development and validation [103].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Model-based analysis of high shear wet granulation from batch to continuous processes in pharmaceutical production – A critical review

Kumar

Gernaey

Beer

et al. 2013

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

106

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The manufacturing of pharmaceutical dosage forms, which has traditionally been a batch-wise process, is now also transformed into a series of continuous operations. Some operations such as tabletting and milling are already performed in continuous mode, while the adaptation towards a complete continuous production line is still hampered by complex steps such as granulation and drying which are considered to be too inflexible to handle potential product change-overs. Granulation is necessary in order to achieve good flowability properties and better control of drug content uniformity. This paper reviews modelling and supporting measurement tools for the high shear wet granulation (HSWG) process, which is an important granulation technique due to the inherent benefits and the suitability of this unit operation for the desired switch to continuous mode. For gaining improved insight of the complete system, particle-level mechanisms are required to be better understood, and linked with an appropriate meso-or macro-scale model. A brief review has been provided to understand the mechanisms of the granulation process at micro or particle-level such as those involving wetting and nucleation, aggregation, breakage and consolidation. Further, population balance modelling (PBM) and the discrete element method (DEM), which are the current state-of-the-art methods for granulation modelling at micro-to meso-scale, are discussed. The DEM approach has a major role to play in future research as it bridges the gap between micro-and meso-scales. Furthermore, interesting developments in the measurement technologies are discussed with a focus towards inline measurements of the granulation process to obtain experimental data which are required for developing good models. Based on the current state of the developments, the review focuses on the twin screw granulator as a device for * Email address: ingmar.nopens@ugent.be, Tel.: +32 (0)9 264 61 96; fax: +32 (0) continuous HSWG and attempts to critically evaluate the current process. As a result, a set of open research questions are identified. These questions need to be answered in the future in order to fill the knowledge gap that currently exists both at micro-and macro-scale, and which is currently limiting the further development of the process to its full potential in pharmaceutical applications.

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High-shear granulation modeling using a discrete element simulation approach

Cited by 66 publications

References 37 publications

A Review of Dynamic Models of Hot-Melt Extrusion

A Review of Dynamic Models of Hot-Melt Extrusion

Discrete Element Modeling of Solid Dosage Manufacturing Processes

Model-based analysis of high shear wet granulation from batch to continuous processes in pharmaceutical production – A critical review

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