High Serum Trypsin Levels and the −409 T/T Genotype of PRSS1 Gene Are Susceptible to Neonatal Sepsis

Abstract

Neonatal sepsis remains an important and common cause of morbidity and mortality among newborn infants, especially in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to determine whether serum trypsin levels and genotypes of cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene could be served as markers for predicting neonatal sepsis. The serum trypsin levels and genotypes of PRSS1 were examined in both 50 infants with infection during neonatal period and 56 healthy neonates as controls. The infected infants were further subdivided into infants with sepsis group (n=18) and infected infants without sepsis (n=32). The genotype of PRSS1 was analyzed by direct sequencing, and the serum trypsin level was measured by immunoassay. It showed that the median value of serum trypsin was significantly higher in infected infants (31.90 ng/mL) than in controls (12.85 ng/mL; P=0.030). More importantly, sepsis subgroup (50.95 ng/mL) had significantly higher median serum trypsin than infected infants without sepsis subgroup (19.10 ng/mL) and controls (12.85 ng/mL) (P=0.015 and P=0.002, respectively). Additionally, the median serum trypsin levels were found significantly higher in infants who had T/T (37.90 ng/mL) genotype of PRSS1 compared with those who had C/T genotype (12.80 ng/mL; P=0.005). This study suggested that serum trypsin and rs10273639 C/T of PRSS1 were revealed to be novel markers for predicting neonatal sepsis.

Low Serum Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) Levels and -221 YX Genotype of MBL2 Gene Are Susceptible to Neonatal Sepsis in the Chinese Han Population

“…Based on previous literature, the polymorphisms (rs11003125, rs7096206 and rs7095891) in the promoter region of MBL gene were verified by direct sequencing. The experimental conditions were reported previously (17) and the detail amplification parameters were as follows: 95°C for 5 minutes, 30 cycles of 95°C for 30 seconds, 55°C for 30 seconds, and 72°C for 1 minute, with a final extension step at 72°C for 10 minutes. The PCR products were purified and sequenced as described (16).…”

Auxiliary activation of the complement system and its importance for the pathophysiology of clinical conditions

“…Moreover, in systemic inflammatory conditions, proteases seem to act as major drivers of pathophysiological inflammation and organ dysfunction. For example, during sepsis, defined as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the presence of pathogens, enhanced levels of trypsin [ 57 ], elastase [ 58 ], and metalloproteinase 9 [ 59 ], as well as many other enzymes, are detected and are held responsible for the generation of the inflammatory response. It is noteworthy that the released proteases can originate from the host and/or from invading microorganisms that contain enzymes with similar or diverse functions.…”

“…In particular, systemic C3 depletion has been found to be associated with the development of coagulopathy (elevated D-dimers), infectious complications, and poor prognosis in septic patients [ 93 ]. In progressive sepsis, an uncontrolled systemic protease activity has been reported, with enhanced serum concentrations of trypsin [ 57 ] and elastase [ 58 , 94 ] and serine protease activity, e.g., of FSAP [ 95 ]. This “global protease activation” may be mainly responsible for the impaired inhibition of endogenous proteases, e.g., a drop in AT plasma concentrations [ 96 ].…”

Arg194–Arg399haplotype ofXRCC1gene is susceptible to lung cancer in the Han population

“…And the upstream primer 5'-TTGTGCTTTCTCTGTGTCCA-3' and the downstream primer 5'-TCCTCCAGCCTT TTCTGATA-3' were used to generate a fragment of rs25487. The experimental conditions were reported previously 22 and amplification parameters were 94°C for 5 min, 30 cycles of 94°C for 30 s, 61°C for 30 s, 72°C for 30 s, with a final extension step at 72°C for 10 min. The PCR products were purified for sequencing after electrophoresis on an agarose gel.…”