High Serum Prolactin Levels in Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Patients and in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Graef, Alicia; Gonzalez, Sara Sierra; Baca, Vicente; Ramírez, María Laura; Daza, Leonel; Blanco, Fernando F.; Ortiz, O A; Lavalle, C

doi:10.1006/clin.1994.1157

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…18 In this regard, the circulating levels of PRL are higher in females and elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and in patients prior to transplant rejection. 11,[19][20][21][22] Moreover, PRL can protect against the suppression of immune functions under severe stress. For example, administration of PRL after trauma-induced hemorrhage improves macrophage and splenocyte functions, 23,24 reduces plasma corticosterone levels, and decreases the mortality from subsequent sepsis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin stimulates integrin-mediated adhesion of circulating mononuclear cells to endothelial cells

Macotela

Nava

et al. 2005

Laboratory Investigation

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Attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells is an essential step for the extravasation and recruitment of cells at sites of inflammation. The pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) is involved in the inflammatory process. Here, we show that treatment with PRL of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulates their adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) activated by interleukin-1b. Stimulation of adhesion by PRL is mediated via integrins leukocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), because immunoneutralization of both integrins prevents PRL action. Also, PRL promotes the adhesion of PBMC to immobilized intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and fibronectin, ligands for LFA-1 and VLA-4, respectively. Stimulation of integrin-mediated cell adhesion by PRL may involve the activation of chemokine receptors, because PRL upregulates the expression of the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR3 in PBMC, and pertussis toxin, a specific G-protein inhibitor, blocks PRL stimulation of PBMC adhesion to HUVEC. In addition, PRL stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation pathways leading to leukocyte adhesion. PRL triggered the tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus kinase-2, of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and 5, and of the focal adhesion protein paxillin. Furthermore, genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocked PRLstimulated adhesion of PBMC and Jurkat T-cells to HUVEC. These results suggest that PRL promotes integrinmediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via chemokine receptors and tyrosine phosphorylation signaling pathways.

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confidence: 99%

Prolactin stimulates integrin-mediated adhesion of circulating mononuclear cells to endothelial cells

Macotela

Nava

et al. 2005

Laboratory Investigation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the range of serum prolactin levels is much higher in female than in male, and thus the differences based on the responses to infection would not be discriminated in female subjects. Thus the prolactin studies of many infectious diseases [Croxson et al, 1989;Graef et al, 1994;Montero et al, 2001;Parra et al, 2001;Collazos et al, 2002;Leanos-Miranda and Contreras-Hernandez, 2002] had been selected for the male subjects. Recently, some studies showed that hyperprolactinemia was found in patients with chronic hepatitis C as a part of abnormality of hormone parameters [Durazzo et al, 2006;Hofny et al, 2011] or with an association of hyperferritinemia [Sousa et al, 2011].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, it has been reported that the serum levels of prolactin increase during the course of several infectious diseases such as blastomycosis [Arora et al, 1979] and biharzial hepatosplenomegaly [Abdel Rahman et al, 1989]. Studies on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have shown that chronically HIV-infected men have higher serum prolactin levels than healthy men, and that approximately 20% of HIV-infected men have higher serum prolactin levels than the reference level [Croxson et al, 1989;Graef et al, 1994;Montero et al, 2001;Parra et al, 2001;Collazos et al, 2002;Leanos-Miranda and Contreras-Hernandez, 2002]. Recent studies have shown an association of higher serum prolactin levels in patients with chronic HCV infection compared with healthy controls [Durazzo et al, 2006;Hofny et al, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum prolactin levels and prolactin mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hepatitis C virus infection

Ishii

Saito

Shao

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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Prolactin is not only a pituitary hormone but an immunoregulatory hormone secreted from lymphocytes. Prolactin induction in relation to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has not been elucidated. The serum levels of prolactin were examined in 232 HCV-infected subjects positive for anti-HCV antibody and 65 healthy controls negative for it, who were recruited in the cohort study. The prolactin mRNAs were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of eleven healthy volunteers including five men and six women before and after stimulation by HCV in vitro. The serum level of prolactin and prolactin mRNA in PBMCs were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay and real-time PCR, respectively. The serum levels of prolactin were significantly higher in the HCV-infected subjects (median: 7.5, IQR: 5.7-10.9 ng/ml) than in the controls (median: 5.6, IQR: 4.4-8.3 ng/ml) (P < 0.01). They were significantly higher in HCV-infected males (median: 8.0, IQR: 5.9-11.8 ng/ml) than in the controls (median: 4.8, IQR: 4.2-5.9 ng/ml) (P < 0.001), however, the difference was not significant between HCV-infected females (median: 7.3, IQR: 5.6-10.5 ng/ml) and the controls (median: 6.4, IQR: 5.3-9.8 ng/ml). The mRNA expression of prolactin was induced in PBMCs of all males, but it was induced in PBMCs of the two of six females examined in vitro. These results suggest that the serum level of prolactin is higher in HCV-infected males than in healthy males, and that HCV infection induces the mRNA expression of prolactin in PBMCs that is more apparent in male than in females.

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“…Furthermore, hyperprolactinaemia and gynecomastia have been reported among HIV-infected patients [42]. Prolactin has for long been known to be an immunostimulatory hormone and is also known to be elevated in other immunostimulatory states such as systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE).…”

Section: Gonadal Dysfunction In Malementioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Manifestations of HIV Infection

Girei¹,

Fatima²

2013

Current Perspectives in HIV Infection

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Please use Adobe Acrobat Reader to read this book chapter for free. Just open this same document with Adobe Reader. If you do not have it, you can download it here. You can freely access the chapter at the Web Viewer here. Current Perspectives in HIV Infection 244 Please use Adobe Acrobat Reader to read this book chapter for free. Just open this same document with Adobe Reader. If you do not have it, you can download it here. You can freely access the chapter at the Web Viewer here.

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High Serum Prolactin Levels in Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Patients and in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cited by 13 publications

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Prolactin stimulates integrin-mediated adhesion of circulating mononuclear cells to endothelial cells

Prolactin stimulates integrin-mediated adhesion of circulating mononuclear cells to endothelial cells

Serum prolactin levels and prolactin mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hepatitis C virus infection

Endocrine Manifestations of HIV Infection

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