High Serum Carotenoids Are Inversely Associated with Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase in Alcohol Drinkers within Normal Liver Function

Sugiura, Minoru; Nakamura, Mieko; Ikoma, Yoshinori; Yano, Masamichi; Ogawa, Kazunori; Matsumoto, Hikaru; Kato, Masaaki; Ohshima, Makoto; Nagao, Akihiko

doi:10.2188/jea.15.180

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Actually, we observe a negative trend across quartiles of plasma b-carotene for most biological variables clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome, as well as for traditional and new risk factors for type II diabetes and CVD, including CRP and GGT (Best et al, 2005;Wannamethee et al, 2005). This is in agreement with recent investigations describing a negative association between serum b-carotene and GGT in young individuals, adults and alcohol drinkers with normal liver function Lim et al, 2004;Sugiura et al, 2005), and between serum b-carotene and CRP in healthy subjects (Kritchevsky et al, 2000). However, b-carotene intake in the present study shows only a marginally significant relationship with plasma b-carotene, which appears to be intimately associated with many dietary factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the contribution of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet to plasma concentrations of b-carotene. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Public Health and Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Parma. Subjects: A total of 247 apparently healthy adult men (n ¼ 140) and women (n ¼ 107). Methods: A medical history, a physical exam including height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, a fasting blood draw, an oral glucose tolerance test and a 3-day food record. Results: We observe a negative trend across quartiles of plasma b-carotene for most biological variables clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome, as well as for traditional and new risk factors for type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including C-reactive protein and g-glutamyltranspeptidase (Po0.05). Regarding dietary characteristics, energy-adjusted intake of fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, b-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and dietary TAC significantly increased with increasing plasma b-carotene (Po0.05), whereas alcohol intake decreased (P ¼ 0.013). Adjusted geometric means (95% confidence interval) of plasma b-carotene significantly increased across quartiles of dietary TAC, even when single dietary antioxidants were considered in the model (QI ¼ 0.087 mg/dl (0.073-0.102); QII ¼ 0.087 mg/dl (0.075-0.103); QIII ¼ 0.114 mg/dl (0.098-0.132) and QIV ¼ 0.110 mg/dl (0.093-0.130); P for linear trend ¼ 0.026). When the population was divided on the basis of alcohol consumption, this trend was also observed in subjects drinking o20 g alcohol/day (P ¼ 0.034), but not in those with higher alcohol intake (P ¼ 0.448). Conclusions: Dietary TAC is an independent predictor of plasma b-carotene, especially in moderate alcohol drinkers. This may explain, at least in part, the inverse relationship observed between plasma b-carotene and risk of chronic diseases associated to high levels of oxidative stress (i.e., diabetes and CVD), as well as the failure of b-carotene supplements alone in reducing such risk. Contributors: SV participated in the study design and the collection of clinical data, performed the statistical analysis and was the primary writer of the paper, but received input from all the other authors. DDR contributed to the preparation of the paper, to laboratory analysis and to the study design. NP provided expert advice and was involved in paper editing and data interpretation. DA and LF participated in subjects' recruitment and management, in the collection and interpretation of clinical data and in the discussion of the paper. PMP and SS were involved in laboratory analysis and quality control. PR carried out the analysis of plasma b-carotene and provided expert advice on data interpretation. DDR, NP, SS and FB were responsible for the collection, completeness and interpretation of dietary data. IZ was responsible for ethical approval and subjects' recruitment. IZ and FB were responsible for the study concept and design and for sec...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

et al. 2006

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“…Previously, we found that high serum β-cryptoxanthin is associated with a lower risk for liver diseases, such as alcoholic-and non-alcoholic-related liver dysfunction, from a cross-sectional Mikkabi study. 5,6) Carotenoids are mainly accumulated in the liver and combined into lipoprotein for release into the blood circulation. Ingested carotenoids could participate in an antioxidant defense system when present in high concentrations of free radical species in the liver, and these physiological functions of carotenoids could inhibit the development of liver dysfunction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) Furthermore, we found that individuals with high serum β-cryptoxanthin levels (that is, individuals who regularly ate Satsuma mandarin) had lower risks for liver diseases, 5,6) arteriosclerosis, 7) insulin resistance, 8) metabolic syndrome, 9) low bone mineral density, 10,11) and oxidative stress 4) from a nutritional epidemiologic survey (Mikkabi study) targeting the residents of Mikkabi, a town located in the north ward of Hamamatsu City in Shizuoka Prefecture, which is known as the leading Satsuma mandarin producer in Japan. From these results, we assume that absorbed β-cryptoxanthin is accumulated in several organs and that β-cryptoxanthin may have a protective effect against oxidative stress in several tissues.…”

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confidence: 89%

Absorption, Storage and Distribution of β-Cryptoxanthin in Rat after Chronic Administration of Satsuma Mandarin (<i>Citrus unshiu</i> MARC.) Juice

Sugiura

Ogawa

Yano

2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Fruits and vegetables contain numerous antioxidants, such as carotenoids. Recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a high dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables rich in carotenoids or with high serum carotenoid concentrations results in lower risks of certain cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These results indicate that absorbed carotenoids are stored in various organs. Previously, we found that β-cryptoxanthin, found especially in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), is easily absorbed and can also survive for a relatively long time in the human body; however, little is known about the absorption, storage, and tissue distribution of β-cryptoxanthin. In this study, we measured serum and the content of β-cryptoxanthin in several rat tissues after chronic ingestion of Satsuma mandarin extract rich in β-cryptoxanthin. Rats were fed a standard commercial diet containing Satsuma mandarin extract (containing β-cryptoxanthin at 11.7 mg/kg diet) for eight weeks. After 3 h of fasting, serum, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, testis, brain, and epididymal fat were collected. The concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin in serum and tissues were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. There was a wide range in the tissue levels of β-cryptoxanthin; liver had the greatest value, with 1265.3 ng/g tissue, followed by spleen, kidney, lung, heart, brain, and testis. Epididymal fat had the lowest value, with 6.99 ng/g tissue. β-Cryptoxanthin was also detected in serum in a concentration of 5.76 ng/mL. These results indicate that β-cryptoxanthin is easily absorbed and accumulated in several organs.

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“…The concentrations of six serum carotenoids, lutein, lycopene, -carotene, -carotene, -cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin, were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using -apo-8 -carotenal as an internal standard at the laboratory of Public Health and Environmental Chemistry, Kyoto Biseibutsu Kenkyusho (Kyoto, Japan), as described previously. 23 Serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerols were measured with an auto-analyzer using commercial kits (Determiner TC-II C for serum total cholesterol, Kyowa-Medics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan; Determiner TG-II C for serum triacylglycerols, Kyowa-Medics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Plasma samples were obtained in sampling vials containing sodium fluoride.…”

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The Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin Resistance Index Is Inversely Associated with Serum Carotenoids in Non-diabetic Subjects

Sugiura

Nakamura

Ikoma

et al. 2006

Journal of Epidemiology

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BACKGROUND Carotenoids may reduce the risk for diabetes mellitus, but little is known about the association of insulin resistance with serum carotenoids in non-diabetic subjects. This study aimed to investigate whether the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index would be lower in the presence of high serum carotenoid concentrations in non-diabetic subjects. METHODS A total of 812 subjects (256 males and 556 females) who had received health examinations in 2003 participated in the study. The associations of the serum-carotenoid concentrations and HOMA-IR were evaluated cross-sectionally. The multivariate-adjusted geometric means of HOMA-IR by the tertiles of the serum carotenoid concentration were calculated after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, current tobacco use, regular alcohol intake, exercise habits and total energy intake. Associations among high HOMA-IR (3.0+ mU×mmol/L 2 ) across tertiles of serum carotenoid concentration were assessed by tests for logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In male subjects, the multivariate adjusted geometric mean of HOMA-IR was inversely associated with the serum β -cryptoxanthin concentrations. In female subjects, an inverse association of the serum carotenoid concentration and HOMA-IR was observed in lycopene, β -cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The confounding factor-adjusted odds ratios (OR) for high HOMA-IR on the highest tertiles of serum α -carotene, β -carotene, β -cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin were 0.18 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06-0.52], 0.22 (95% CI: 0.07-0.67), 0.34 (95% CI: 0.12-0.96), and 0.30 (95% CI: 0.11-0.79), respectively, in male subjects. On the other hand, in female subjects, the adjusted OR for high HOMA-IR on the highest tertiles of serum lycopene and β -cryptoxanthin were 0.39 (95% CI: 0.21-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.28-0.95), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The serum antioxidant carotenoids were inversely associated with HOMA-estimated insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects.

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High Serum Carotenoids Are Inversely Associated with Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase in Alcohol Drinkers within Normal Liver Function

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma β-carotene

Absorption, Storage and Distribution of β-Cryptoxanthin in Rat after Chronic Administration of Satsuma Mandarin (<i>Citrus unshiu</i> MARC.) Juice

The Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin Resistance Index Is Inversely Associated with Serum Carotenoids in Non-diabetic Subjects

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