High seropositivity of IgG and IgM antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) among HIV-1 seropositive patients in Ilorin, Nigeria

Fowotade, Adeola; Okonko, I. O.; Agbede, O. O.; Suleiman, S T

doi:10.4314/ahs.v15i1.1

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Our study showed non-statistically significant higher prevalence rate of CMV IgM in the male than female subjects, which is similar to the observations of Ojide et al, (31) and Fowotade et al, (35) among their HIVinfected adults cohort. Musa et al, (22) however had a contrary observation in Kano where they reported more female patients living with HIV having significantly higher CMV IgM than their male counterparts (8.7% vs 4.3%, p<0.01) although no reason for such finding was proffered.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cytomegalovirus co-infection with HIV in children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Abuja, Nigeria

Aa¹,

Yunusa²

2019

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to accelerate HIV disease progression. It has the potential of being a killer disease or a silent lifetime companion in HIV patients. There is dearth of information on CMV prevalence among HIV infected children and adolescents in our environment. We therefore conducted this study to determine its sero-prevalence, and risk factors for co-infection among HIV infected children and adolescents on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in our center. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study of HIV-infected children and adolescents aged 2 months to 18 years on HAART was conducted over a 6 month period between October 2017 and March 2018 in our health facility. Blood samples of subjects were screened for CMV IgM using commercial test kits. Biodata of subjects, CD4 cell count, and viral load were collected into a designed proforma, and statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 22.0. Result: A total of 161 HIV-infected children and adolescents were recruited, 103 (64.0%) were males, 83 (51.6%) were between the ages of 5 and <10 years, 113 (70.2%) were from lower socioeconomic class, and 138 (85.7%) were on 1 st line HAART. Of the 17 (10.6%) subjects positive for CMV IgM, 3 (17.6%) were less than 5 years old, 11 (64.7%) were between the ages of 5-10 years, and none was older than 15 years. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in the mean age, weight, length/height, and systolic blood pressure between CMV IgM positive and negative patients (p<0.05), but no significant difference in gender, socioeconomic class, types of antiretroviral drugs, CD4 cell count, and viral load (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis however did not show any significant difference in age, weight, length/height, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The prevalence of active CMV infections among HIV infected children and adolescents on HAART in our centre is high. Low CD4 cell count and high viral load were not associated with active CMV disease, and no risk factor for co-infection was also identified. Identifying those with primary/active infection will be necessary for possible treatment with anti-herpes drugs before development of reactivated CMV disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cytomegalovirus co-infection with HIV in children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Abuja, Nigeria

Aa¹,

Yunusa²

2019

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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“…This study reported that 10.4% of the HIV seropositive patients were anti-CMV IgM seropositive indicating current infection or reinfection/reactivation to cytomegalovirus. This is consistent with a previous study among HIV patients in Nigeria that found an 11.1% anti-CMV IgM seroprevalence [20]. In another study in Brazil, anti-CMV IgM seroprevalence of 11.36% among HIV infected prison inmates was reported [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This shows that CMV and HIV synergy to down regulate the immune system among the co infected participants. A similar observation was made in Nigeria [20]. All the patients who had no formal education had a 100% exposure to CMV indicating lack of awareness on basic risk factors and prevention mechanism due to lack of exposure to any form of education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya

Mangare¹,

Muturi²,

Gachara³

2018

OJI

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. Coupled with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), it causes end organ diseases leading to increased morbidity and mortality in the population. The prevalence of Cytomegalovirus infection is above 93% in HIV infected children in Kenya. Despite, a high Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence found in children, few studies have documented CMV in adults. This study was done to determine the seroprevalence of CMV infection and its associated risk factors among HIV patients attending Thika level 5 Hospital in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study also evaluated the effect CMV infection on the immunity of HIV infected patients. A cross-sectional study involving 163 HIV positive participants from different age groups was carried out. A questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic and specific risk factors associated with cytomegalovirus. Blood was collected and analyzed for CD4 counts, CMV IgG and IgM. The seroprevalence of CMV was found to be 89% (CMV IgG) while the incidence was 10.4% (CMV IgM). The study found that CMV infection leads to more suppression of the immunity among the HIV infected patients. In addition, education, economic status, having other sexual transmitted infections, sharing drinks, immune status and blood transfusion were associated with CMV infection (p < 0.05). The study recommends adoption of CMV screening services and education on CMV risk factors as CMV infection preventive strategies.

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“…7 A taxa da infeção por CMV em indivíduos com VIH é muito elevada. Na Nigéria, segundo Fowotade et al, 8 é de 93,9 %. Em Moçambique, não existem dados estatísticos oficiais sobre a prevalência da infeção CMV em doentes com VIH.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Infeção Cutânea por Citomegalovírus em Doente com Infecção VIH/SIDA

Banquimane

Gudo

Cunha

et al. 2016

SPDV

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RESUMO -A infecção por citomegalovírus tem distribuição mundial com alta prevalência nos países subdesenvolvidos, onde atinge quase 100% da população. As manifestações cutâneas são raras. A apresentação inespecífica das mesmas pode contribuir para o subdiagnóstico da doença. Relatamos o caso clínico de uma doente de 24 anos, gravemente imunodeprimida, com ulcerações na pele com quatro meses de evolução, e diagnóstico de infecção por vírus de imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 dois meses após o início das lesões. Na terceira semana de internamento desenvolveu uma retinite aguda por citomegalovírus e, embora tenha iniciado tratamento antirretrovírico e depois ganciclovir acabou por falecer após três meses por pericardite aguda. PALAVRAS-CHAVE -Dermatopatias Virais; Infecções por Citomegalovirus; Infecções por VIH; Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a SIDA; Moçambique. Cutaneous infection with cytomegalovirus in patients with HIV / AIDS infection ABSTRACT -Infection by cytomegalovirus has worldwide distribution with high prevalence in developing countries, where it reaches almost 100% of the population. Cutaneous manifestations are rare. Moreover, unspecific presentation of dermatological lesions may contribute to subdiagnosis of the disease. We report a case of a 24 years-old female patient, severely immunocompromised, with ulcerations on the skin with 4 months of evolution, diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection two months after the onset of lesions. In the third week of hospitalization she developed an acute cytomegalovirus retinitis, and despite initiation of anti-retroviral and anti-cytomegalovirus treatment initiation, she died after three months with an acute pericarditis. KEY-WORDS -AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Cytomegalovirus Infections; HIV Infections; Mozambique; Skin Diseases, Viral.INTRODUÇÃO O citomegalovírus (CMV) é um vírus pertencente à famí-lia Herpesviradae, cuja patogénese, à semelhança de outros herpesvírus, obedece à sequência primo-infeção, latência e reactivação.1 A prevalência da infecção pelo CMV é variá-vel: cerca de 40% nos países desenvolvidos e quase 100% nos subdesenvolvidos.2 Pensa-se que a elevada prevalência nestes últimos países se deva, entre outros fatores, a más condições de higiene relacionados com grandes aglomerados populacionais onde coabitam, em pequenos espaços, numerosos adultos e crianças. 1A principal forma de transmissão do CMV é o contacto sexual embora, para além do esperma e secreções cervicovaginais, sejam também veículos de transmissão do vírus a Correspondência:

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High seropositivity of IgG and IgM antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) among HIV-1 seropositive patients in Ilorin, Nigeria

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Cytomegalovirus co-infection with HIV in children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Abuja, Nigeria

Cytomegalovirus co-infection with HIV in children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Abuja, Nigeria

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya

Infeção Cutânea por Citomegalovírus em Doente com Infecção VIH/SIDA

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