Objective: To examine associations of newly-developed adiposity indices with incident heart failure (HF).Participants and Methods: The current study included 8493 adults from the PREVEND observational cohort (mean age: 49.8 years; 50% women). Exposures included novel adiposity indices i.e., relative fat mass (RFM), body-roundness index (BRI), weight-adjusted-waist index and body-shape index (BSI), as well as established adiposity indices i.e., body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Main outcome was development of incident HF.Results: The prevalence of overweight (BMI: 25-30kg/m2) and obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2) were 41% and 17% respectively. During 11.3±3.1 years of follow-up, 372 HF events were recorded, resulting in an overall HF incidence of 3.88 per 1000 person-years. All novel adiposity indices, except BSI, were significantly associated with incident HF (P<0.001). BMI, WC and WHR were also significantly associated with incident HF (P<0.001). Sex did not modify the association of any adiposity index with incident HF (Pint>0.1). Amongst adiposity indices, RFM displayed the strongest effect sizes (HR:1.67, 95%CI, 1.37-2.03). This trend persisted across multiple age categories, BMI categories and also among HF subtypes. All obesity measures, except BSI, improved the fit of the clinical HF model. Strongest improvement was observed after adding BRI and RFM (reduction in Akaike information criteria: 26.5 and 24.4 respectively).Conclusions: Relative fat mass is strongly associated with incident HF in the community. Future studies should examine the value of novel adiposity indices in HF risk estimation.