High-sensitivity stereo coded aperture gamma camera for three-dimensional localization of radioactive hotspots

Abstract

This work presents a novel stereo coded aperture gamma camera based on four detection modules placed within four quadrants. Each module includes 48 × 48 strips of Bi4Ge3O12 scintillators, 24 × 24 pieces of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), and a set of data acquisition circuits. All signals from the SiPMs are individually extracted and finally simplified into 144 outputs to calculate the positions and energies of gamma-rays. Two masks of modified uniformly redundant arrays are fixed in the front of the top-right and bottom-left modules and two anti-masks are fixed in the top-left and bottom-right modules to achieve simultaneous imaging without dual measure. Once the projections of radioactive sources are determined, their source-to-detector distances can be estimated by our new multocular ranging algorithm. A series of lab and field experiments, including flood histogram and energy spectrum testing, field-of-view and angular resolution testing, real-time imaging, long-distance imaging, and ranging ability testing, with different radioactive sources, such as 137Cs, 22Na, 241Am, 60Co, 133Ba, and 75Se, have been completed to evaluate the comprehensive ability of the stereo gamma camera. The results show that the stereo gamma camera has a strong ability for the three-dimensional localization of radioactive sources over long distances with a high image sensitivity. So far, the stereo gamma camera has been successfully used in practical nuclear security and safety tasks although the angular resolution and the ranging algorithm robustness should be more optimized in the future.