High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a marker of cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents

Abstract

Background and aim of the work: High-sensiti- vity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a marker of low grade inflammatory state, which characterises an atherosclerotic process. The metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance and a systemic low-grade inflammatory state. These disorders may arise at a very early age in obese children. We aimed to assess the utility of (hsCRP) as a marker of cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 100 obese child and adolescents (6-16 years). 50 apparently healthy children of matched age and sex served as control. All patients and controls were subjected to: 1-complete history taking. 2-anthropometric measurements and clinical examination including body height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure. 3-laboratory investigations in- cluding fasting glucose, lipid profile, apolipoprotiens and (hsCRP) were assessed. Metabolic syndrome patients had to meet three out of five criteria: concentration of triglycerides (TG) ≥ 110 mg/dL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C) ≤ 40 mg/dL, waist circumference ≥ 90th percentile, glucose concentration ≥ 110 mg/dL, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90th percentile. Results, height, weight BMI and blood pressure were significantly higher in the obese than the control. Obese group had significantly higher (hsCRP) levels than control group, (p < 0.01) and significantly higher LDL-C, triglyceride (TG), and lower HDL-C than the control group. Log (hsCRP) showed a positive correlation with BMI (p < 0.001), blood pressure, and TG. The pre- valence of the metabolic syndrome was 24%. Mean concentrations of (hsCRP) were higher among patients who had the metabolic syndrome. Among whom, 35% had a concentration of (hsCRP) > 3.0 mg/L, a concentration considered to place adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease. In multiple logistic regression analysis only abdominal obesity was significantly associated with (hsCRP). Conclusion: me- tabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity among our patients predispose to cardiovascular disease later in life through early low grade inflammation. (hsCRP) is one of the inflammatory markers that can be easily estimated in these patients

Subtle inflammation: a possible mechanism of future cardiovascular risk in obese children

“…Our results were in alignment with previous studies, demonstrating that obese children had elevated inflammatory markers, for instance hs-CRP 8 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32) , TNF-α 26 27 29 33) , and IL-6 26 , 28 , 34) . Compared to the study done by El-shorbagy and Ghoname 25) demonstrating a prevalence of hs-CRP>3 mg/L of 35%, our study showed as much as twice higher prevalence. Unfortunately, we could not identify MetS as a potential risk for increasing the selected inflammatory cytokines even though there was a report to that effect 35) .…”

Asupan Gula Sederhana Dan Serat Serta Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa (Gdp) Sebagai Faktor Risiko Peningkatan Kadar C-Reactive Protein (Crp) Pada Remaja Obesitas Dengan Sindrom Metabolik

“…9 CRP merupakan prediktor yang kuat untuk penyakit kardiovaskuler dengan pengukuran yang sederhana, lebih murah, terstandar, dan tersedia secara luas. 10 Kadar CRP yang tinggi dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya adalah sindrom metabolik, faktor risiko sindrom metabolik, aktivitas fisik, dan asupan makanan.…”

Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults Attending West Virginia University

“…Another study by El-Shorbagy et al also reported 12.7% of the subjects that did not display MetS had hsCRP levels > 3 mg/dL (17). While, these data question the value of using hsCRP in the assessment of MetS, more research is needed in this young adult population in order to assess the value of including hsCRP measures alongside traditional MetS criteria.…”

“…Researchers have also linked pro-inflammatory states to the onset of IR (14,15) as well as the development of atherosclerosis (16)(17)(18)(19). C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, has recently emerged as an important predictor of MetS, T2DM as well as CVD (10).…”

“…The results of this study strengthen evidence of metabolic abnormalities in overweight and obese young adults as well as the prevalence of MetS in this age group. However, the study outcomes should be interpreted with caution due to the uneven sex distribution (39) CRP is a biomarker of low-grade inflammation (17,40) produced mainly by the liver and to some extent by the adipose tissue (19). Some researchers believe the accumulation of fat causes adipocytes to increase in size, which triggers the release of inflammatory cytokines (41), such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 (42).…”