High-sensitivity c-reactive protein and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels are synergistically associated with metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling persons

Abstract

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. Increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are associated with MetS and its components. Changes in gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in response to oxidative stress are also associated with MetS, and the levels could be modulated by hsCRP.MethodsFrom a single community, we recruited 822 men (mean age, 61 ± 14 years) and 1,097 women (63 ± 12 years) during their annual health examination. We investigated whether increased hsCRP and GGT levels are synergistically associated with MetS and insulin resistance evaluated by Homeostasis of model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).ResultsOf these subjects, 141 men (17.2%) and 170 women (15.5%) had MetS. Participants with MetS had a higher hsCRP and GGT level than those without MetS in both genders, and the HOMA-IR increased significantly in correlation with an increase in hsCRP and GGT. In men, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for MetS across tertiles of hsCRP and GGT were 1.00, 1.69 (1.01-2.80), and 2.13 (1.29-3.52), and 1.00, 3.26 (1.84-5.78) and 6.11 (3.30-11.3), respectively. In women, the respective corresponding values were 1.00, 1.54 (0.92-2.60), and 3.08 (1.88-5.06), and 1.00, 1.70 (1.04-2.79) and 2.67 (1.66-4.30). The interaction between increased hsCRP and GGT was a significant and independent determinant for MetS and insulin resistance in both genders.ConclusionsThese results suggested that higher CRP and GGT levels were synergistically associated with MetS and insulin resistance, independently of other confounding factor in the general population.

Changes in malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein concentrations after lifestyle modification are related to different metabolic syndrome-associated pathophysiological processes

“…Besides its poor diagnostic power for NAFLD, g-GT is considered a good marker for NAFLD in subjects with MetS and is related to elevated fatty liver index [38]. Moreover, is known that there was synergism between g-GT and CRP levels in the presence of MetS, suggesting that both are useful in the diagnosis of the transition steatosis to steatohepatitis in MetS [39].…”

Determinants of change in insulin resistance response to Nordic walking in community-dwelling elderly women

“…However, both elevated BMI and GGT reflect inflammation, which impairs insulin signaling in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues, 26 and systemic inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. 11 Moreover, recent data has suggested that serum GGT can also be considered as a marker of oxidative stress. 27 Nordic walking improves chronic inflammation caused by excess body weight, and can also prevent fatty liver in patients whose lipid and …”

“…8 In addition, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is also a clinical marker of glucose levels, 9,10 insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. 11,12 Thus, we hypothesized that the 12-week Nordic walking training program might improve functional abilities and metabolic profiles, specifically walking distance, GGT, and insulin resistance assessed by HOMA-IR.…”

Diabetic foot syndrome: Immune-inflammatory features as possible cardiovascular markers in diabetes

“…In contrast with resistin, adiponectin may inhibit resistin-mediated increase in vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 ( ICAM-1) serum levels [40,41] . Thus hypo-adiponectinemia can represent an early indicator of a complex cardiovascular risk factor pattern predisposing to atherosclerosis and its organ-end damage complications as well as a contributing factor increasing progression of the atherosclerotic plaque.…”