A new cytolytic toxin, designated as S-Hemolysin, was found in the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. strain No. A-6288, isolated from a soil sample. The molecular weight of S-Hemolysin was estimated to be 10,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and to be 20,000 by Sephadex G-I00. S-Hemolysin is a glycoprotein that is composed of 102 amino acid residues with 11.6% glucose, and the isoelectric point is around pH 5.8. The phospholipase C activity of S-Hemolysin was specific for the following substrates in this order: sphingomyelin> lysophosphatidylethanolamine > lysophosphatidylcholine > phosphatidylethanolamine> phosphatidylcholine. S-Hemolysin had hemolytic activity against rabbit, human, and sheep erythrocytes, but did not cause aggregation of human platelets. These activities were accelerated with Mg 2 + ,