“…17,18 Research on the efficient, accurate, and sensitive detection of hCG hormone in plasma, serum, or urine samples is essential for ongoing advancement. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] All electrochem-volta-luminescence assay 8,12,27 and uorescence methods 28 are just some of the analytical techniques, spectroscopic, methods, and special devices that report hCG detection methods. It is common knowledge that each aforementioned approaches have both positive and negative qualities.…”