High Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on Cladding Etched Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Du, Haifeng; Sun, Xiaoyan; Hu, Youwang; Dong, Xinran; Zhou, Jianhang

doi:10.1007/s13320-019-0532-2

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A somewhat better sensitivity of 703 nm/RIU is reported for a multicore tapered sensor of 20 mm [33]. MZIs based on etched photonic crystal fiber sandwiched between standard SMF fibers exhibited a sensitivity of 360 nm/RIU for a 35 mm long section length and PCF fiber cladding reduced to 91 µm [34].…”

Section: In-line All Fiber Mach-zehnder Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Long-Period Gratings and Microcavity In-Line Mach Zehnder Interferometers as Highly Sensitive Optical Fiber Platforms for Bacteria Sensing

Eftimov

Janik

Koba

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Selected optical fiber sensors offer extraordinary sensitivity to changes in external refractive (RI), which make them promising for label-free biosensing. In this work the most sensitive ones, namely long-period gratings working at (DTP-LPG) and micro-cavity in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometers (µIMZI) are discussed for application in bacteria sensing. We describe their working principles and RI sensitivity when operating in water environments, which is as high as 20,000 nm/RIU (Refractive index unit) for DTP-LPGs and 27,000 nm/RIU for µIMZIs. Special attention is paid to the methods to enhance the sensitivity by etching and nano-coatings. While the DTP-LPGs offer a greater interaction length and sensitivity to changes taking place at their surface, the µIMZIs are best suited for investigations of sub-nanoliter and picoliter volumes. The capabilities of both the platforms for bacteria sensing are presented and compared for strains of Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharide E. coli, outer membrane proteins of E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. While DTP-LPGs have been more explored for bacteria detection in 102–106 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/mL for S. aureus and 103–109 CFU/mL for E. coli, the µIMZIs reached 102–108 CFU/mL for E. coli and have a potential for becoming picoliter bacteria sensors.

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Section: In-line All Fiber Mach-zehnder Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Long-Period Gratings and Microcavity In-Line Mach Zehnder Interferometers as Highly Sensitive Optical Fiber Platforms for Bacteria Sensing

Eftimov

Janik

Koba

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Optical fiber wavelength-dependent sensors are divided into various types according to their structure, such as the fiber Michelson [ 5 ], U-shaped fiber sensor [ 6 , 7 ], coated fiber sensor [ 8 ], and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], etc. In 2019, Wang et al [ 5 ] developed a Michelson interferometer by splicing a single-mode fiber and a hollow quartz tube, based on a phase demodulation method, in the range of 1.331 RIU to 1.387 RIU; the refractive index response sensitivity is 8.1498 rad/RIU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental results show that the sensitivity increases almost three-fold. In 2019, Haifeng et al [ 16 ] inserted a photonic crystal fiber between two single-mode fibers, and record a sensitivity of 106.19 nm/RIU from 1.333 RIU to 1.381 RIU. After etching the sensor, the cladding diameter is reduced from 250 μm to 112 μm, and the sensitivity improves to 211.53 nm/RIU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity Optical Fiber Mach–Zehnder Refractive Index Sensor Based on Waist-Enlarged Bitaper

et al. 2022

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A Mach–Zehnder fiber optic sensor with high refractive index response sensitivity was developed. By fabricating a waist-enlarged bitaper structure on the interference arm of a single mode–multimode–single mode (SMS) Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), the spectral contrast and response sensitivity were improved. Subsequently, the response sensitivity was further improved by etching the interference arm. When a beam of light was introduced into the sensor, due to the structural mismatch between the multimode fiber and the normal transmission light, the difference between the low-order mode and the high-order mode was generated in the fiber core and the fiber cladding. In the process of transmission in the sensing arm, due to the different refractive indices of the core and cladding, the optical path difference of the high-order mode and the low-order mode was different, which eventually generated interference fringes. The experimentally measured response sensitivity of SMS MZI in the range of 1.351 RIU to 1.402 RIU is 57.623 nm/RIU; the response sensitivity of a single mode–multimode–bitaper–multimode–single mode (SMBMS) MZI is 61.607 nm/RIU; and the response sensitivity of the etched SMBMS (ESMBMS) MZI is 287.65 nm/RIU. The response sensitivity of the new ESMBMS MZI is three times higher than that of the original SMS MZI. The sensor has the characteristics of compact structure, high sensitivity, easy manufacture, and a wide range of refractive index measurements, and can be used in food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing and other fields.

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“…Refractive index (RI) sensors are used in a wide variety of physical detectors to measure the concentration of liquids and gases [1][2]. Mach Zehnder's interferometer (MZI) [3][4] and micro-loop ampli ers (MRR) [5][6][7] are not only widely used in optical circuits, but have also recently been used as optical biosensors. So far, various optical sensors have been proposed to detect refractive index changes designed from different structures, such as Mach Zander interferometers [8][9][10][11][12][13], Ring Resonators [14][15][16][17], Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal ring resonators nested in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Nohoji

Danaie²

2022

Opt Quant Electron

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Today, with the rapid development of photonics, optical sensors are being considered as e cient tools for detecting environmental variations and have been regarded as one of the most important elds in photonic research. In this study, we have proposed a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PC) refractive index sensor using a combination of Mach-Zehnder interferometers and two ring resonators. Our goal is to increase the sensitivity and gure of merit (FOM) of the sensor, so that the output transmission spectrum can be considerably shifted by changing the refractive index of the simulated analytes. The proposed photonic crystal sensor consists of a hexagonal array of silicon rods on a SiO 2 substrate. The nite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used for the numerical simulation of the structure. In this regard, to validate the simulation results, two different commercial software have been used. The qualityfactor (Q-factor) and the sensitivity of the proposed structure are more than 1600 and 1700 nm / RIU, respectively, where RIU stands for the refractive index unit. In general, the structure has advantages such as low fabrication cost, high sensitivity to changes in refractive index and a high Q-factor.

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High Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on Cladding Etched Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Long-Period Gratings and Microcavity In-Line Mach Zehnder Interferometers as Highly Sensitive Optical Fiber Platforms for Bacteria Sensing

Long-Period Gratings and Microcavity In-Line Mach Zehnder Interferometers as Highly Sensitive Optical Fiber Platforms for Bacteria Sensing

High Sensitivity Optical Fiber Mach–Zehnder Refractive Index Sensor Based on Waist-Enlarged Bitaper

Highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal ring resonators nested in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer

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