High saturated fat and low starch and fibre are associated with hyperinsulinaemia in a non-diabetic population: The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study

Marshall, Julie A.; Bessesen, Daniel H.; Hamman, Richard F.

doi:10.1007/s001250050697

Cited by 213 publications

(147 citation statements)

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“…Although the controversy in earlier data concerning marine fatty acids and glucose metabolism (Salomaa et al, 1990;Feskens et al, 1991Feskens et al, , 1995Borkman et al, 1993;Adler et al, 1994;Vessby et al, 1994aVessby et al, , b, 2001Pan et al, 1995;Marshall et al, 1997;Baur et al, 1998;Gustafsson et al, 1998;Bjerregaard et al, 2000;Ekblond et al, 2000;Mori et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2001;Salmeró n et al, 2001;Dewailly et al, 2001a, b;van Dam et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Harding et al, 2004;Thorsdottir et al, 2004) may be partly explained by different doses and durations of supplementation in intervention studies, and by different background diets between the study populations, inclusion of subjects with different PPARG Pro12Ala genotypes could also influence the outcome of the study. That PPARG genotype may affect the associations of dietary fat composition with insulin concentrations (Luan et al, 2001) and serum triacylglycerol response to fish oil supplementation (Lindi et al, 2003) was suggested previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, long-chain nÀ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been found to be associated with enhanced glucose metabolism (Feskens et al, 1991;Adler et al, 1994;Feskens et al, 1995;Baur et al, 1998;Ekblond et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2001;Salmeró n et al, 2001;Thorsdottir et al, 2004) and to lower serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations (Gustafsson et al, 1998), although there are also contradictory results (Salomaa et al, 1990;Borkman et al, 1993;Vessby et al, 1994aVessby et al, , b, 2001Pan et al, 1995;Marshall et al, 1997;Bjerregaard et al, 2000;Mori et al, 2000;Dewailly et al, 2001a, b;van Dam et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Harding et al, 2004). It is not known whether some of the discrepancies in previous results could be attributed to differences in the genetic background of the subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

Ylonen

Salminen

Lyssenko³

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Data on associations between marine nÀ3 fatty acids and glucose metabolism are inconsistent. Therefore, we explored effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g2 gene on associations of fish intake and dietary and plasma eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid with glucose metabolism. The design comprises of the cross-sectional analysis. Subjects/Methods: The Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR-g2 (PPARG) gene was genotyped in 571 non-diabetic relatives of subjects with type II diabetes. The dietary intake was measured by a 3-day food record, and the plasma cholesterol ester fatty acid composition was analysed with gas chromatography. Associations of dietary and plasma variables with insulin resistance and fasting and 2-h glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were analysed with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: In men, there was a significant interaction between PPARG polymorphism and plasma docosahexaenoic acid on fasting free fatty acid concentration (P ¼ 0.036), and genotype-stratified models showed an inverse association in Pro homozygotes only (P ¼ 0.028). In women, the proportion of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid was higher in Ala-allele carriers compared to Pro homozygotes (1.67 vs 1.44% respectively, P ¼ 0.006). A significant interaction between PPARG polymorphism and fish intake on 2-h glucose was found in women (P ¼ 0.021), and genotype-stratified models suggested an inverse association in Ala-allele carriers only (P ¼ 0.039). Conclusions: The findings suggest that PPARG polymorphism might affect the plasma proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid and modulate the associations of fish intake and marine nÀ3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism and fasting free fatty acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

Ylonen

Salminen

Lyssenko³

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…45 Several studies in adults, including both lean and obese participants, have found a total fat intake and intake of saturated fat are significant positive predictors of fasting insulin, whereas intakes of dietary fiber and starch are negative predictors. 44 However, few studies have examined associations between dietary factors and insulin sensitivity in children, and they have focused on carbohydrate and not fat intake. 46 …”

Section: Hypertension Insulin Resistance Resistin and Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42,43 High dietary fat intake may increase insulin resistance independent of weight gain. 44 Fatty acid composition of cell membranes can be influenced by the dietary fat intake, and a high proportion of membrane-saturated fats may impair insulin action by altering insulin receptor binding/affinity, impairing translocation of glucose transporters and reducing ion permeability. 45 Several studies in adults, including both lean and obese participants, have found a total fat intake and intake of saturated fat are significant positive predictors of fasting insulin, whereas intakes of dietary fiber and starch are negative predictors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Zimmermann

Aeberli

2008

Int J Obes

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Objective: To review and summarize the dietary determinants of the metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation and dyslipidemia in overweight children. Design: Review of the current literature, focusing on pediatric studies. Participants: Normal weight, overweight, or obese children and adolescents. Results: There is a growing literature on the metabolic effects of excess body fat during childhood. However, few pediatric studies have examined the dietary determinants of obesity-related metabolic disturbances. From the available data, it appears that dietary factors are not only important environmental determinants of adiposity, but also may affect components of the metabolic syndrome and modulate the actions of adipokines. Dietary total fat and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance and high blood pressure, as well as obesity-related inflammation. In contrast to studies in adults, resistin and adiponectin do not appear to be closely linked to insulin resistance or dyslipidemia in childhood. However, circulating leptin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4 correlate well with obesity, central obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children. Intakes of antioxidant vitamins tend to be low in obese children and may be predictors of subclinical inflammation. Higher fructose intake from sweets and sweetened drinks in overweight children has been linked to decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. Conclusions: Dietary interventions aimed at reducing intakes of total fat, saturated fat and free fructose, whereas increasing antioxidant vitamin intake may be beneficial in overweight children. More research on the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, S11-S18; doi:10. 1038/ijo.2008.202 Keywords: child; metabolic syndrome; diet; inflammation; adipokine IntroductionIn both industrialized and non-industrialized countries, the prevalence of pediatric obesity is increasing. 1 Dietary factors are environmental determinants of adiposity, as well as components of the metabolic syndrome, and may modulate the actions of adipokines. Better understanding of the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. Hypertension, insulin resistance, resistin and adiponectinPediatric obesity is an important risk factor for adult hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and approximately one third of obese children are hypertensive and/or hyperinsulinemic. 2,3 The adipocyte-derived hormones resistin, adiponectin and leptin may play a role in the development of hypertension and/or insulin resistance. 4-7 Among children, inverse associations of adiponectin or resistin with body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance have been reported, 8 but not all studies agree. 9 Studies on diet in childhood hypertension have mainly focused on sodium or calcium intake, rather than macr...

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“…In contrast, diets providing high amounts of complex carbohydrates and fiber are associated with increased insulin sensitivity (Riccardi & Rivellese, 1991. High-saturated-fat diets are also associated with insulin resistance in both human and animal models (Marshall et al, 1997;Vessby et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and lifestyle interventions in the management of the metabolic syndrome: present status and future perspective

Minehira

Tappy

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To review the mechanisms underlying the metabolic syndrome, or syndrome X, in humans, and to delineate dietary and environmental strategies for its prevention. Design: Review of selected papers of the literature. Results: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance play a key role in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Strategies aimed at reducing insulin resistance may be effective in improving the metabolic syndrome. They include low saturated fat intake, consumption of low-glycemic-index foods, physical exercise and prevention of obesity. Conclusions: Future research, in particular the genetic basis of the metabolic syndrome and the interorgan interactions responsible for insulin resistance, is needed to improve therapeutic strategies for the metabolic syndrome.

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High saturated fat and low starch and fibre are associated with hyperinsulinaemia in a non-diabetic population: The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study

Cited by 213 publications

References 64 publications

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Dietary and lifestyle interventions in the management of the metabolic syndrome: present status and future perspective

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